What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.

When two solutions containing soluble salts are combined, a double displacement reaction takes place in which the ions are exchanged between the compounds. When one of such compounds formed is in solid form (that is insoluble in aqua), then it settles down at the bottom of the container. This solid is known as the precipitate and the respective reaction is termed as the precipitation reaction. A few examples of precipitation reactions are

CdSO₄(aq) + K₂S(aq) → CdS(s) + K₂SO₄(aq)

2NaOH(aq) + MgCl₂(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + Mg(OH)₂(s)