ScienceCLASS 10CBSE
answered 25 May 2026What is hybridization? What are its types, with an example?
A.VERIFIED ANSWERfact-checked by tutors
Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals in an atom to form new, equivalent orbitals that are better suited for forming chemical bonds. It explains the shape of molecules.
Types:
| Type | Orbitals Mixed | Shape | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| sp | 1s + 1p = 2 orbitals | Linear (180°) | Carbon dioxide (CO₂) |
| sp² | 1s + 2p = 3 orbitals | Trigonal planar (120°) | Ethylene (C₂H₄) |
| sp³ | 1s + 3p = 4 orbitals | Tetrahedral (109.5°) | Methane (CH₄) |
- sp: carbon in CO₂ forms two double bonds pointing in opposite directions straight line
- sp²: carbon in ethylene forms a flat triangle with all bonds in the same plane
- sp³: carbon in methane forms four equal bonds pointing to corners of a tetrahedron
Hybridization explains why molecules have specific shapes atoms rearrange their orbitals before bonding to achieve the most stable geometry.