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BiologyClass 10CBSE

Explain gene therapy using adenovector

Gene therapy uses a vector to deliver a correct gene into cells to treat a genetic disorder.Gene Therapy Using Adenovector:Adenovector – virus-based carrier used to deliver the correct geneCorrect gene – healthy gene inserted into the vector<stron

BiologyClass 10CBSE

Explain human insulin production using recombinant DNA technology

Human insulin is produced by inserting the human insulin gene into bacterial plasmid DNA, allowing bacteria to make insulin.Human Insulin Production:Human pancreas cell – source of the insulin-producing geneDNA – genetic material containing the insulin gene<li data-list-item-id="e592633b50c5011dc28097888

BiologyClass 10CBSE

Explain the epiglottis and surrounding throat structures

The epiglottis is a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.Epiglottis:<ul style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0

BiologyClass 10CBSE

Explain the human digestive system shown in the image in simple short points.

The human digestive system includes the mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.Human Digestive SystemParotid gland and duct – produces salivaSublingual and submandibular glands and ducts – produce saliva<li dat

BiologyClass 10CBSE

Explain the buccal cavity of man shown in the image in simple short points

The buccal cavity contains lips, teeth, gums, tongue, palate, uvula, and tonsils.Buccal Cavity of ManLips – outer opening of the mouthGingiva / gums – tissue around the teethHard palate – front bony roof of the mouth<li data-

BiologyClass 10CBSE

Explain the large intestine and its various parts

The large intestine includes the cecum, appendix, colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus.Large Intestine and Its Various Parts<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-col

BiologyClass 10CBSE

Explain the tongue surface and types of lingual papillae shown in the image in simple short points.

The tongue has four main papillae: circumvallate, fungiform, filiform, and foliate papillae.Tongue Surface Showing Lingual PapillaeCircumvallate papillae: large papillae near the back of the tongueFungiform papillae: mushroom-shaped papillae, mostly on the front and sides<li data-list-item-id="eb6f9d4262

BiologyClass 10CBSE

Explain the structure of a tooth shown in the image in simple short points

The image shows the main parts of a tooth, including the crown, neck, roots, and internal tissues.Parts of Tooth:Crown – visible upper part of the toothNeck – narrow part near the gumRoots – lower part fixed in the jaw bone<l

BiologyClass 10CBSE

Explain the layers of the alimentary canal wall shown in the image in simple short points

The alimentary canal wall has four main layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.Alimentary Canal Wall:Lumen – central hollow space where food passesMucosa – inner liningMuscularis mucosa – thin muscle layer under mucosaSubmucosa – support layer with vessels and nervesSubmucosal plexus – nerve network in submucosaCircul

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What are the 4 main parts of the stomach?

The stomach is a muscular, J-shaped organ that stores food, mixes it with digestive juices, and sends it to the small intestine.Parts of the stomach:Cardia – where food enters from the esophagus.Fundus – upper dome-shaped part.Body</strong

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What is crop rotation, and why is it important?

Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops in the same field in a planned sequence across seasons or years.Why it matters:Soil fertility: Different crops use different nutrients, legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen.Pest/disease control: Breaks pest life cycles without chemicals.

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What is animal husbandry?

Animal husbandry is the scientific care, breeding, and management of livestock for useful products and services.Animals covered: Cattle, buffaloes, pigs, poultry, sheep, goats, fish (aquaculture), bees (apiculture), silkworms (sericulture).Practices: Selective breeding, balanced nutrition, vaccination, clean housing, hygienic product collection.Animal husbandry is the scientific management of livestock for food, labour, and other products

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What is a food chain?

A food chain shows how energy and nutrients transfer from one organism to another through feeding relationships always starting with a producer.Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle (Producer) → (Primary) → (Secondary) → (Tertiary) → (Apex) Each step = a trophic levelOnly ~10% of energy pas

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What is a decomposer?

A decomposer breaks down dead organic matter into simpler inorganic substances, returning nutrients to the soil.Examples: Bacteria, fungi (mushrooms, moulds)Break down proteins and cellulose into CO₂, water, and minerals.Essential for completing nutrient cycles

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What is an autotroph?

An autotroph ("self-feeder") produces its own food from simple inorganic substances using an external energy source.Photoautotrophs: Use sunlight (plants, algae, cyanobacteria — via photosynthesis).Chemoautotrophs: Use chemical energy (certain deep-sea bacteria).<li data-list-item-id="e6eb30cc93bb6323e221b5d93d81c0c24

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What are life processes?

Life processes are the essential biological activities all living organisms must carry out to remain alive.ProcessFunctionNutritionObtaining and using foodRespirationReleasing energy from foodTransportationMoving substances within the bodyExcretionRemoving metabolic wasteGrowthIncreasing i

BiologyClass 10CBSE

Which processes are essential for maintaining life?

The four most immediately essential: nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.Nutrition: Cells starve without food.Respiration: Cellular work stops within seconds without energy.Transportation: Circulation failure is immediate

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What is nutrition?

Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain and utilize food for energy, growth, repair, and body maintenance.ModeDescriptionExamplesAutotrophicMakes own foodPlants (photosynthesis)HolozoicIngests solid foodHumans, lionsSaprophyticAbsorbs from dead matterFungiParasiticFeeds

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What is the role of saliva in digestion?

Saliva (produced by salivary glands) plays critical roles in the first stage of digestion:Enzyme action: Salivary amylase (ptyalin) begins breaking down starch into maltose.Lubrication: Moistens food to form a soft bolus for swallowing.Dissolving food:</s

BiologyClass 10CBSE

What outside raw materials are used by organisms to maintain life?

Raw materials from the environment:Oxygen (O₂): Used in aerobic respiration to release energy.Food/Nutrients: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals — energy and building blocks.Water (H₂O): Essential for almost

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