What is Zener voltage?

Zener voltage (V_Z) is the specific reverse voltage at which a Zener diode begins conducting in the reverse direction while maintaining a nearly constant voltage.

• Below V_Z: diode blocks current.
• At/above V_Z: current flows freely in reverse, voltage stays constant at V_Z.

This voltage-clamping behaviour = ideal voltage regulators.

Common values: 3.3V, 5.1V, 6.2V, 12V.

Applications: Voltage regulation in power supplies, overvoltage protection, reference voltage circuits.