What are eddy currents? Write two applications.

Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced within a conductor by a changing magnetic field (Faraday's Law), flowing in closed circular paths.

• Oppose the change causing them (Lenz's Law).
• Generate heat (core losses in transformers — minimised by laminating cores).

Two Major Applications:

1. Induction heating eddy currents generate intense heat in metals; used in induction cooktops and industrial furnaces.
2. Electromagnetic braking opposes motion in trains/roller coasters; no physical friction, no wear.

Eddy currents are circulating currents induced by changing magnetic fields, usefully applied in induction heating and electromagnetic braking.