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Refractive index measures how much light slows down when passing from vacuum into a medium.

Formula: n = c / v (speed of light in vacuum / speed in medium)

Medium	Refractive Index
Vacuum	1.00
Water	1.33
Glass	~1.5
Diamond	2.42

Diamond's high refractive index (2.42) causes brilliant sparkle through total internal reflection.

Refractive index measures how much a medium slows down light compared to vacuum, determining how much the light bends.

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