What is a neutralisation reaction? Give an example.

A neutralisation reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water.

General Formula: Acid + Base → Salt + Water

• Always exothermic heat is released.

Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

Applications: Antacids treat heartburn; lime treats acidic soil; baking soda treats insect stings.

A neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base always yields salt and water, and releases heat.