What are the primary components of a neuron, and what is the role of each component in transmitting nerve impulses?

The primary components of a neuron are: 
1. Cell Body (Soma): Contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm; processes incoming signals. 
2. Dendrites: Branching extensions that receive incoming nerve impulses from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit them towards the cell body. 
3. Axon: A long, slender projection that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. It can be myelinated to speed up impulse conduction.