What is the function of stomata in the epidermis of plant leaves?

Stomata are tiny pores or openings, typically found on the epidermal layer of plant leaves, especially on the underside. Their primary function is to regulate gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. This includes allowing carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis and releasing oxygen (a byproduct of photosynthesis) and water vapor (during transpiration) into the atmosphere. Each stoma is flanked by two guard cells that control its opening and closing, thereby regulating the rate of gas exchange and water loss.