How does a newborn baby have characters of both his father and mother class 8

A newborn baby displays characteristics of both parents because they inherit genetic material equally from each during fertilization. When the father's sperm cell (containing 23 chromosomes) fuses with the mother's egg cell (also containing 23 chromosomes), they create a new cell with 46 chromosomes—23 pairs in total. Each chromosome carries thousands of genes, which are segments of DNA containing instructions for building and operating the human body. These genes determine everything from eye color and height to blood type and enzyme production, and since half come from each parent, the baby naturally expresses a combination of both parents' traits.

The way these traits appear follows principles of genetics discovered by Gregor Mendel. Some genes are dominant and will express their trait even if only one parent contributes them, while others are recessive and require both parents to contribute the same version for the trait to appear. For example, if a baby receives a dominant gene for brown eyes from the father and a recessive gene for blue eyes from the mother, the baby will have brown eyes but still carry the hidden blue-eye gene. This mixing explains why a baby might have their mother's nose shape but their father's chin, or their father's hair color but their mother's height. Additionally, many characteristics result from multiple genes working together, creating unique combinations that make each child distinct even though they clearly resemble both parents. This genetic blending ensures biological diversity while maintaining family resemblances across generations.