Explain the following, giving examples. (a) Saturated solution (b) Pure substance (c) Colloid (d) suspension
Solution:
(a) Saturated solution: It is the state in a solution at a specific temperature when a solvent is no more soluble without an increase in temperature. Example: Excess carbon leaves off as bubbles from a carbonated water solution saturated with carbon.
(b) Pure substance: A substance is said to be pure when it comprises only one kind of molecule, atom or compound without adulteration with any other substance or any divergence in the structural arrangement. Examples: Sulphur, diamonds etc.
(c) Colloid: A Colloid is an intermediate between solution and suspension. It has particles of various sizes that range between 2 to 1000 nanometers. Colloids can be distinguished from solutions using the Tyndall effect. Tyndall effect is defined as the scattering of light (light beam) through a colloidal solution. Examples: Milk and gelatin.
(d) Suspension: It is a heterogeneous mixture that comprises solute particles that are insoluble but are suspended in the medium. These particles that are suspended are not microscopic but visible to bare eyes and are large enough (usually larger than a micrometre) to undergo sedimentation.
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