Deforestation and Environmental Impact How does the fertility of soil decrease due to deforestation?
Deforestation severely impacts soil fertility through multiple mechanisms. Trees and their root systems bind soil particles together, and when removed, the topsoil—which contains most nutrients and organic matter—becomes vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. Tree roots also help maintain soil structure, allowing water infiltration and preventing nutrient leaching. Without forest cover, rainfall directly strikes the ground, washing away fertile topsoil. Additionally, trees contribute organic matter through fallen leaves and branches, which decompose to enrich soil. Deforestation disrupts this natural nutrient cycling, and exposure to direct sunlight increases soil temperature, killing beneficial microorganisms that maintain soil health. Over time, deforested land becomes barren and unable to support plant growth.
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