Compare and contrast the functions of xylem and phloem in plants.

Xylem and phloem are both complex permanent tissues that form the vascular bundles in plants, but they have distinct functions. 
Xylem primarily transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Its conducting elements (tracheids and vessels) are dead at maturity. 
Phloem primarily transports sugars (food) produced during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant, including roots and growing regions. Its conducting elements (sieve tubes) are living at maturity.