Cells show great variation in their shape and size. Explain.
GeneralClass 12AllAnswered 27 Mar 2026
Answer
Cellular morphology varies based on function, location, and organism type:
|
Shape/Type |
Description |
Examples |
|
Spherical |
Minimal surface area-to-volume ratio |
Egg cells, adipocytes (fat cells) |
|
Polygonal |
Closely packed cells in tissues |
Liver cells (hepatocytes) |
|
Oval/Elliptical |
Moderate surface area |
Mesophyll cells in leaves |
|
Elongated/Fiber-like |
Maximum length for signal transmission |
Nerve cells (neurons), muscle fibers |
|
Disc-shaped |
Efficient gas exchange |
Red blood cells (RBCs) |
Size variation:
- Smallest: Mycoplasma (~0.3 µm)
- Bacterial range: 3–5 µm
- Largest single cell: Ostrich egg (~150 mm diameter)
Cell size is limited by surface area-to-volume ratio affecting nutrient exchange and waste removal.
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