NCERT Solutions Class 10 Hindi — स्पर्श (Sparsh)
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Hindi: Sparsh provide students with a comprehensive guide to mastering the syllabus and scoring high marks in exams. Designed in accordance with the NCERT curriculum, these solutions cover all chapters of the Sparsh textbook in a detailed and easy-to-understand manner. Whether you are a beginner or looking to revise before exams, these solutions serve as a reliable companion for every student.
Each chapter of Sparsh is explained clearly, with solutions that simplify complex topics and highlight important points. The answers are prepared by subject experts to ensure accuracy and relevance, helping students gain a deep understanding of the text. From prose to poetry, every story and poem in Sparsh is accompanied by explanations, summaries, and answers to all exercise questions, making it easier for students to grasp concepts and improve their comprehension skills. Using NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Hindi: Sparsh not only saves time but also boosts confidence. Students can practice questions, refer to model answers, and learn the correct method of framing answers for exams. These solutions also emphasise important questions and frequently asked exam topics, enabling students to focus on key areas that carry maximum marks. Moreover, these NCERT solutions are ideal for self-study as well as classroom learning.
| Chapter No. | Chapter Name | View Solutions |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 1 | Saakhi | View Solutions |
| Chapter 2 | Pad | View Solutions |
| Chapter 3 | Manushyata | View Solutions |
| Chapter 4 | Parvat Pradesh Mein Paavat | View Solutions |
| Chapter 5 | Top | View Solutions |
| Chapter 6 | Kar Chale Hum Fida | View Solutions |
| Chapter 7 | Aatmatran | View Solutions |
| Chapter 8 | Bade Bhai Sahab | View Solutions |
| Chapter 9 | Diary Ka Ek Panna | View Solutions |
| Chapter 10 | Tatara-Vamiro Katha | View Solutions |
| Chapter 11 | Teesri Kasam Ke Shilpkar Shailendra | View Solutions |
| Chapter 12 | Ab Kahan Dusro Ke Dukh Se Dukhi Hone Wale | View Solutions |
| Chapter 13 | Patjhad Mein Tooti Pattiyan | View Solutions |
| Chapter 14 | Karthus | View Solutions |
Sparsh Bhag 2 (स्पर्श भाग 2) is the primary literature textbook for students who opt for Hindi Course B in CBSE Class 10. Unlike Course A (which uses Kshitij — heavier on classical literature), Course B is designed to be accessible and functional, making it the preferred choice for students whose first language is not Hindi or who study Hindi as a second language.
The word sparsh literally means "touch" — and the book lives up to its name. Each chapter touches on a distinct theme: brotherhood and family bonds in Bade Bhai Sahab, patriotism and sacrifice in Kar Chale Hum Fida, humanity as a universal value in Manushyata, and the fragility of nature in Parvat Pradesh Mein Pavas. These aren't just literary exercises — they are mirrors held up to real life.
Course B vs Course A: Sparsh (Course B) uses straightforward modern Hindi prose and poetry, making it easier to score compared to the classical Braj Bhasha verses in Kshitij (Course A). Students who choose Course B — particularly those in states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and metros like Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru — often find it a high-scoring subject with the right preparation.
All 14 Chapters — Themes, Authors & Exam Focus
Sparsh Bhag 2 is split into two parts: पद्य खंड (Poetry) and गद्य खंड (Prose). Click any chapter to see its theme, author background, key concepts, and what the board exam expects from it.
पद्य खंड — Poetry Section
1. कबीर — साखी Kabir | Doha tradition | Sant Kavya
पद्य
- Theme: Spiritual wisdom, criticising blind rituals, unity of God across religions.
- Form: Dohas (couplets) — 2-line compositions packed with layered meaning.
- Key Dohas: मोको कहाँ ढूंढे रे बंदे — God resides within; ऐसी वाणी बोलिए — the power of gentle speech.
- Literary Device: Metaphor (रूपक), irony (व्यंग्य), simple Sadhukkadi language blending Hindi, Punjabi, Rajasthani.
- Exam Focus: Explain the meaning of any one doha; identify the literary device used and its effect.
2. मीरा — पद Mirabai | Bhakti Movement | Krishna devotion
पद्य
- Theme: Unconditional devotion (भक्ति) to Krishna; rejection of societal norms for love of God.
- Form: Padas — musical, sung compositions with a refrain.
- Key Lines: मेरे तो गिरिधर गोपाल, दूसरो न कोई — Mira's declaration of sole devotion.
- Literary Device: Anaphora (पुनरावृत्ति), vivid imagery, Braj Bhasha vocabulary.
- Exam Focus: Compare Kabir and Mirabai's devotional approach; explain the significance of विरह (separation) in Mira's poetry.
3. बिहारी — दोहे Bihari Lal | Riti Kavya | Shringar Ras
पद्य
- Theme: Nature imagery, romantic love (Shringar), spiritual wisdom.
- Famous line: सतसैया के दोहरे, ज्यों नावक के तीर — small but deeply piercing, like an arrow from a short bow.
- Key Dohas: बतरस लालच लाल की — the beloved's tactics to speak to Krishna; descriptions of summer and the effect of heat.
- Literary Device: Upma (simile), alliteration (अनुप्रास), double meanings (श्लेष).
- Exam Focus: Identify and explain the literary devices; describe the nature imagery used in a specific doha.
4. मैथिलीशरण गुप्त — मनुष्यता Maithilisharan Gupt | Khari Boli Modern Hindi | Patriotism
पद्य
- Theme: True humanity lies in living for others, not just oneself.
- References: Dadhichi (gave his bones), Rana Pratap, Karna — selfless heroes who lived by ideals.
- Key Message: "जीना वही जीना है जो मनुष्यता के काम आए।"
- Literary Device: Allusion (historical references), anaphora, oratory tone.
- Exam Focus: What values does the poet want to convey? Most commonly asked in 5-mark long-answer format.
पद्य
- Theme: The rapid, magical transformations of nature during the monsoon in mountain regions.
- Setting: The Himalayas; the poet was born in Kausani, Uttarakhand — deeply personal imagery.
- Key Lines: Waterfalls as silver threads, clouds as giant monsters, trees as reflections in the lake.
- Literary Device: Personification (मानवीकरण), simile (उपमा), vivid visual imagery.
- Exam Focus: Describe the natural scenery depicted; explain any two personifications used.
6. महादेवी वर्मा — मधुर मधुर मेरे दीपक जल Mahadevi Verma | Chhayavad | Mystical Devotion
पद्य
- Theme: The soul as a flame burning for the Divine; sacrifice and spiritual yearning.
- Symbol: दीपक (lamp) = the soul; the poem is a prayer asking the lamp to keep burning despite hardships.
- Literary Device: Extended metaphor (दीपक), repetition for musical effect, imagery of light and darkness.
- Exam Focus: What does the lamp symbolize? How does this poem reflect Mahadevi Verma's mystic philosophy?
7. वीरेन डंगवाल — तोप Viren Dangwal | Progressive Poetry | Satire
पद्य
- Theme: A satire on the glorification of war and imperialism, using a cannon at Fatehpur Sikri as a symbol.
- Irony: The once-feared cannon now serves as a plaything for children and a perch for sparrows — power fades.
- Message: Weapons and tyrannical power eventually become irrelevant; ordinary life triumphs.
- Literary Device: Irony (विडंबना), symbolism (प्रतीकात्मकता), free verse (मुक्त छंद).
- Exam Focus: What is the central irony of the poem? Contrast the cannon's past and present.
गद्य खंड — Prose Section
गद्य
- Theme: The relationship between an elder brother who struggles in studies and a younger brother who excels effortlessly.
- Central Conflict: Book-knowledge vs. practical wisdom; the irony of the elder advising on study habits while failing exams.
- Key Scene: The younger brother passes every year; the elder speaks eloquently about discipline but still fails — humour through contradiction.
- Premchand's Style: Social realism, light humour, dialogue-driven narration, everyday language.
- Exam Focus: Character sketch of Bade Bhai Sahab; what lesson does the story convey about experience vs. formal education?
9. सीताराम सेकसरिया — डायरी का एक पन्ना Sitaram Seksaria | Historical Prose | Bengal's Freedom Struggle
गद्य
- Theme: A diary entry from 26 January 1931 — the first unofficial Independence Day celebration in Calcutta under British rule.
- Historical Context: The national flag was raised at the Maidan; thousands participated despite police crackdown.
- Significance: Personal diary as historical document; the courage of ordinary people in the independence struggle.
- Exam Focus: Why is this diary entry significant historically? Describe the events of 26 January as recorded.
10. लीलाधर मंडलोई — तताँरा-वामीरो कथा Leeladhar Mandloi | Folklore | Andaman Islands
गद्य
- Theme: A folk legend from the Nicobar Islands about Tatara and Vamiro — two lovers from different tribal clans.
- Conflict: Their love is forbidden by tribal custom; Tatara splits an island in two with his magical sword rather than submit to injustice.
- Geography link: The legend is said to explain the creation of Car Nicobar and Little Nicobar islands.
- Exam Focus: Describe the character of Tatara; what does the story tell us about the conflict between love and social custom?
11. प्रह्लाद अग्रवाल — तीसरी कसम के शिल्पकार शैलेंद्र Prahlad Aggarwal | Film Essay | Shailendra
गद्य
- Theme: An essay on lyricist-producer Shailendra and his film Teesri Kasam — art vs. commerce in Bollywood.
- Central Idea: Shailendra refused to compromise the artistic integrity of the film for commercial success; the film won the National Award but failed at the box office.
- Key Insight: True art outlasts commercial success; Shailendra's songs remain immortal.
- Exam Focus: Why did Shailendra make Teesri Kasam? What was the consequence? Discuss the tension between art and market.
12. निदा फ़ाज़ली — अब कहाँ दूसरे के दुख से दुखी होने वाले Nida Fazli | Reflective Essay | Environment & Empathy
गद्य
- Theme: Humanity's growing indifference to others' suffering — humans, animals, and the natural world.
- Examples Used: The author's mother feeding birds; the destruction of trees for urban buildings; birds losing their habitat.
- Key Message: Modern life has made us selfish and disconnected from nature and fellow beings.
- Exam Focus: What is the central message? Give two examples from the essay showing loss of empathy in modern society.
13. रवींद्र केलेकर — पतझर में टूटी पत्तियाँ Ravindra Kelekar | Two Essays — Jheen ki Den & Gir ke Uthna
गद्य
- Essay 1 — झेन की देन (Jheen ki Den): Japanese Zen Buddhist tradition of the tea ceremony as a lesson in slowing down and finding peace in the present moment.
- Essay 2 — गिरना और उठना: Brief philosophical reflection — falling and rising are both parts of life; how one responds to failure defines character.
- Key Insight: Modern stress and restlessness are uniquely human problems; Zen offers a cure.
- Exam Focus: What lesson does the Japanese tea ceremony offer to modern life? Most asked as a 5-mark question.
14. हबीब तनवीर — कारतूस Habib Tanvir | Play / Drama | Wazir Ali & British India
गद्य
- Theme: A one-act play about Wazir Ali — the Nawab of Awadh who outwitted the British with daring courage.
- Plot: A British colonel and his aide discuss how to capture Wazir Ali; a rider appears, takes cartridges from the colonel, and reveals himself as Wazir Ali — then escapes.
- Message: True courage lies not in weapons but in fearless character and quick wit.
- Exam Focus: Character sketch of Wazir Ali; why does the colonel call him a "josh ka aadmi"?
CBSE Class 10 Hindi B — Exam Pattern
The CBSE Class 10 Hindi B board exam (theory paper code: 085) carries 80 marks and is conducted over 3 hours. The paper follows four sections — A, B, C, D — covering reading comprehension, grammar, writing skills, and literature (Sparsh + Sanchayan). Internal assessment contributes 20 marks, making the total 100 marks.
| Section | Topic / Skill Tested | No. of Questions | Marks | Question Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | अपठित बोध — Reading Comprehension | 2 unseen passages | 10 | MCQs + Short Answer |
| B | व्यावहारिक व्याकरण — Applied Grammar | 5 grammar tasks | 15 | Fill-in-blank, sentence transformation, error correction |
| C | रचनात्मक लेखन — Creative Writing | 3–4 writing tasks | 20 | Letter / application, notice, paragraph, story writing |
| D | पाठ्यपुस्तक — Literature (Sparsh + Sanchayan) | 7–9 questions | 35 | Short Answer (3–4 marks), Long Answer (5–8 marks) |
| Theory Total | 80 Marks | 3 Hours | ||
| Internal Assessment | 20 Marks | Periodic tests + project | ||
| Grand Total | 100 Marks | |||
Section-Wise & Topic-Wise Mark Distribution
Understanding how marks are distributed across topics is the smartest shortcut to exam preparation. The literature section (Section D) — which covers Sparsh and Sanchayan directly — accounts for 35 out of 80 marks, making it the highest-scoring section of the paper.
Section D — Literature Mark Breakdown (Sparsh + Sanchayan)
| Sub-Section | Source | Question Format | Marks Allocated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poetry (पद्य) — Comprehension & Appreciation | Sparsh — Poetry Chapters | Short Answer (2–3 marks each) | 10–12 Marks |
| Prose (गद्य) — Comprehension & Analysis | Sparsh — Prose Chapters | Short + Long Answer (3–5 marks each) | 12–15 Marks |
| Supplementary Reader | Sanchayan Bhag 2 | Long Answer (5–8 marks) | 8–10 Marks |
| Literature Section Total | ~35 Marks | ||
Full Paper — Competency-Level Distribution
| Competency Level | What It Tests | Approx. Weightage | Where It Appears |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge & Recall | Author names, chapter facts, direct textbook questions | ~20% | Section D — Direct Questions |
| Understanding & Comprehension | Passage meanings, theme explanation, paraphrasing | ~30% | Section A, Section D |
| Application | Grammar rules in context, writing using correct format | ~25% | Section B, Section C |
| Analysis & Higher Order | Literary device identification, character analysis, critical appreciation | ~20% | Section D — Long Answer |
| Creative Expression | Letter writing, story, notice — format + content + language | ~5% | Section C |
Internal Assessment Breakdown (20 Marks)
| Component | Description | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Periodic Tests | 3 tests conducted by school during the year; best 2 are counted | 10 |
| Notebook Submission | Regularity and quality of class notebook maintained by student | 5 |
| Subject Enrichment Activities | Reading and recitation; oral Hindi practice assigned by teacher | 5 |
| Total Internal Assessment | 20 Marks | |
Important Literary Devices & Grammar — Sparsh Quick Reference
Questions on literary devices (काव्य-शास्त्र) from the poetry chapters and grammar questions in Section B together account for nearly 25 marks. Knowing these by name and example is non-negotiable for a 90+ score.
काव्य उपकरण — Literary Devices You Must Know
उपमा (Simile)
- Comparison using जैसे, सा, सी, से
- Example: "तोप जैसे पत्थर की मूर्ति"
- Used in: Bihari, Pant, Mahadevi
रूपक (Metaphor)
- Direct identification, no comparison word
- Example: "मेरे मन-मंदिर में दीपक"
- Used in: Mahadevi Verma, Kabir
मानवीकरण (Personification)
- Giving human traits to non-human things
- Example: "नभ बादलों के झुंड से घिर गया" (clouds acting like armies)
- Used in: Pant — Parvat Pradesh
अनुप्रास (Alliteration)
- Repetition of same consonant sound
- Example: "कानन-कुसुम कोमल कलियाँ"
- Used in: Bihari's dohas
विडंबना (Irony)
- Meaning opposite to what is said/implied
- Example: A war cannon becomes a children's toy (Tope)
- Used in: Viren Dangwal — Tope
श्लेष (Pun / Double Meaning)
- A word carrying two meanings simultaneously
- Example: Bihari's use of "रस" — both poetic rasa and physical juice
- Used in: Bihari's Dohe
व्याकरण (Grammar) — High-Frequency Topics in Section B
रचना के आधार पर वाक्य (Sentence Types)
- सरल वाक्य — Simple sentence
- संयुक्त वाक्य — Compound sentence
- मिश्र वाक्य — Complex sentence
वाच्य परिवर्तन (Voice Change)
- कर्तृवाच्य → कर्मवाच्य (Active → Passive)
- कर्मवाच्य → भाव वाच्य
- 3–4 marks every year
समास (Compound Words)
- तत्पुरुष, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि, अव्ययीभाव
- Identify type + split compound
- 2–3 marks per year
अलंकार (Figures of Speech)
- Identify device from a given line
- Explain with reason (1–1.5 marks each)
- Focus: Upma, Rupak, Anupras, Manvikaran
पद परिचय (Word Analysis)
- Identify part of speech + its properties
- Verb: person, number, tense, voice
- Noun: gender, number, case
मुहावरे / लोकोक्तियाँ (Idioms & Proverbs)
- Meaning + use in sentence
- Common: नौ दो ग्यारह होना, हाथ पाँव फूलना
- 1–2 marks per question
High-Value Topics — What the Board Exam Repeats Every Year
Based on CBSE question paper analysis from 2019 to 2026, the following chapters, themes, and question types appear with high frequency in the Hindi B paper. Prioritise these in your revision.
| Rank | Chapter / Topic | Type | Frequency | Typical Question |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ⭐⭐⭐ | बड़े भाई साहब (Premchand) | Prose | Every year | Character sketch of elder brother; the story's central irony |
| ⭐⭐⭐ | कबीर — साखी | Poetry | Every year | Meaning of a specific doha; identify the figure of speech |
| ⭐⭐⭐ | मनुष्यता (M. Gupt) | Poetry | Very frequent | What values does the poem convey? Central message in 5 marks |
| ⭐⭐⭐ | कारतूस (Habib Tanvir) | Drama / Prose | Very frequent | Character sketch of Wazir Ali; why does the colonel admire him? |
| ⭐⭐ | डायरी का एक पन्ना | Prose | Frequent | Significance of 26 January 1931; role of ordinary people |
| ⭐⭐ | पर्वत प्रदेश में पावस (Pant) | Poetry | Frequent | Describe nature scenes; two personifications with explanation |
| ⭐⭐ | पतझर में टूटी पत्तियाँ — झेन की देन | Prose (Essay) | Frequent | The lesson of the Japanese tea ceremony; what is "Jheen ki Den"? |
| ⭐⭐ | मीरा — पद | Poetry | Frequent | Compare Mira and Kabir's devotional approach; explain विरह भाव |
| ⭐ | तोप (Viren Dangwal) | Poetry | Moderate | Central irony of the poem; what does the cannon symbolise? |
| ⭐ | अब कहाँ दूसरे के दुख से दुखी होने वाले | Prose | Moderate | Two examples of declining human empathy from the essay |
Expert Study Tips to Score 90+ in Class 10 Hindi B
Hindi B is one of the most scoring subjects in the Class 10 board exam — but only if you invest time in the right areas. These tips are built around how the CBSE paper is actually set, not generic advice
Read Every Chapter Twice — Differently
First reading: understand the story, poem, or essay. Second reading: underline every important line, identify the theme, note the author's style and any figure of speech. Your second reading is where marks are made
Master the Writing Section Format
Section C (20 marks) rewards students who know the exact format of letters, applications, notices, and paragraphs. A well-formatted letter with correct salutation, body, and closure gets full marks — even with minor language errors. Practise format every day for 2 weeks before the exam
Learn Poems with Meaning — Not by Heart
CBSE never asks you to write a poem from memory. It asks: "Explain the meaning of these lines." So understand each stanza deeply. Write a 2–3 line meaning for every verse of Kabir, Mirabai, Pant, and Gupt. This covers 10–12 marks of the paper.
Solve 5 Previous Year Papers Timed
CBSE repeats themes every year. Once you solve papers from 2020–2025, you will notice that Kabir, Bade Bhai Sahab, Manushyata, and Kartoos appear almost every year. Identify these patterns and prepare these chapters to perfection first.
Grammar Is 15 Guaranteed Marks
Section B grammar questions are completely rule-based — no reading required, just application. Focus on: वाक्य भेद, वाच्य परिवर्तन, समास, and पद परिचय. Revise rules daily for 10 minutes. Students who master the grammar section score 13–15/15 consistently.
Time Management in the Exam Hall
Spend no more than: Section A (20 min) → Section B (25 min) → Section C (40 min) → Section D (50 min). Keep 5 minutes for revision. Never leave a question blank — partial credit is awarded for structure and relevant points even if the answer is incomplete.
स्पर्श में महारत हासिल करें — Master Sparsh with Myclass24
Get chapter-wise NCERT Solutions, solved PYQs, grammar exercises, writing format guides, and mock tests — all aligned to the CBSE 2025-26 Hindi B syllabus. One platform, complete preparation.