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BiologyClass 10ICSE

48. (a) Give the main points of difference between respiration in plants and respiration in animals. (b) Describe the exchange of gases which takes place in the leaves of a plant (a) during daytime, and (b) at night. (c) Which contains more carbon dioxide: exhaled air or inhaled air? Why?

Answer (a) Respiration in plants Respiration in animals Respiration is done individually in all parts of the plant. Respiration is done by a single system. A small amount of gases is transported to all parts of the plant. The gases are transported to all parts of the body covering long distances. The respiration occurs at a slow rate. The respiration occurs at a faster rate. (b) (a) During day time the plants use the oxygen produced during the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide produced during respiration is used for the process of photosynthesis. Some amount of carbon dioxide is also taken from the air. So during day time, oxygen diffuses out and carbon dioxide diffuses in. (b) At night, as photosynthesis does not takes place, oxygen is not produced. Thus, oxygen from the air diffuses into the leaves to carry out respiration. And carbon dioxide produced by respiration diffuses out into the air. So, at night, oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide diffuses out. (c) Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide because we exhale to remove the waste product. During respiration oxygen breaks down glucose and hence more amount of carbon dioxide is released.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

(a) Explain how, the air we breathe in gets cleaned while passing through the nasal passage. (b) Why do the walls of trachea not collapse when there is less air in it? (c) How are oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in our body during respiration? (d) How are lungs designed in human beings to maximize the exchange of gases?

The nasal passage plays a vital role in the purification of Nasal passage contains mucus and hair in it. The hair prevents the dust particles entering the respiratory tract and mucus also plays in preventing the fine particles of dust from entering into the track. The walls of the trachea do not collapse when there is less air in it because the trachea is supported by rings of soft bones called cartilage. The alveoli of lungs play a major role in the exchange of The oxygenated air diffuses from the alveoli into the blood. When the blood is circulated in different parts of the body, the oxygen is carried to all cells and tissues through this blood. This oxygen is combined with the digested food and releases energy in the cell. Carbon dioxide which is produced as a waste product during respiration is diffused into the blood. Blood brings back the carbon dioxide into alveoli and then it is exhaled through nostrils passing through trachea. The human lungs have been designed to maximize the exchange of There are millions of alveoli in the lungs. The presence of millions of alveoli in the lungs provide a very large area for the exchange of gases. The availability of large surface area maximizes the exchange of gases.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Explain how, it would benefit deep-sea divers if humans also had gills.

It would definitely benefit deep-sea divers if humans also had gills. Then the divers would not have carried the oxygen cylinders along with them as they would breathe with the help of dissolved oxygen in water. The divers need have taken much efforts of carrying the cylinders.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Explain why, plants have low energy needs as compared to animals.

Plants have low energy needs as compared to animals. It’s because plants do not move from one place to another. Plants show only tropic movements and movements are at the cellular level. But, in case of animals it is entirely different. Animals move from one place to another in search of food, prey, water, shelter, etc. The energy requirement is more in animals. Hence plants have low energy needs as compared to animals.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Name the energy currency in the living organisms. When and where is it produced?

The energy currency in living organisms is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In aerobic respiration process it is produced in cytoplasm and in anaerobic respiration process it is produced in mitochondria of the cell.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial organisms?

The rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial organisms because aquatic animals breathe from the oxygen dissolved in water. The dissolved oxygen is less as compared to the amount of oxygen present in the atmosphere. Hence, the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial organisms.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Why do fishes die when taken out of water?

Fishes die when taken out of water because the respiratory organ that is gills is specialized in such a way that, it can only extract dissolved oxygen from the water and provide it to fish. The gills are not specialised to take oxygen from the air in the surrounding atmosphere. Hence, due to lack of oxygen fishes die when taken out of water.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

(a) What is meant by aquatic animals and terrestrial animals? (b) From where do the aquatic animals and terrestrial animals obtain oxygen for breathing and respiration?

(a) The animals which live in water and have a special organ for respiration are called aquatic animals. Example: Fish, Shark, Octopus etc. The animals which live on land and respire through lungs are called terrestrial animals. Example: Cow, Goat, Tiger etc. (b) The oxygen for aquatic animals is obtained from the oxygen dissolved in water. Water contains two hydrogen and one oxygen molecule. This dissolved oxygen is utilized by the aquatic animals for breathing. The oxygen for terrestrial animals is obtained from the air present in the surrounding atmosphere. The atmosphere contains necessary oxygen for all the terrestrial plants and animals.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Describe the process of respiration in the following parts of a plant: (a) Root (b) Stem (c) Leaves

The root hair present on the root helps in respiration by The oxygen present in between the soil particles is absorbed by these root hair by diffusion. The carbon dioxide produced in the cells move out through these root hair by the same process of diffusion. The stems of the herbaceous plants contain stomata. The pores present on the stem helps in the exchange of gases and carbon dioxide present in the air diffuses out through the same Lenticels are present in the woody stems for the exchange of gases. The respiration in leaves takes place through the tiny pores called stomata present on them. The exchange of gases occurs through these The oxygen is transported to other cells of the plant by diffusion and in the same carbon dioxide is removed from the cells. In this way respiration takes place in leaves.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

What would be the consequences of deficiency of hemoglobin in our bodies?

Answer The deficiency of hemoglobin causes the following problems in the body: Anemia due to iron deficiency Tiredness Lack of oxygen supply to the body parts Difficulty in breathing

BiologyClass 10ICSE

State the three common features of all the respiratory organs like skin, gills and lungs

The common features of the respiratory organs like skin, gills and lungs are: Adequate surface area to transport oxygen in the organism The exchange of gases and diffusion is easy due to the thin walls of the respiratory organs Enough amount of blood for transporting the gases in the

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Explain why, it is dangerous to inhale air containing carbon monoxide.

Inhalation of carbon monoxide is dangerous because Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin and forms carboxyhemoglobin. This carboxyhemoglobin replaces oxygen. Then blood faces the shortage of oxygen. Due to the lack of oxygen, the person will face difficulty in breathing. The person may also die due to this lack of oxygen. So it is dangerous to inhale air containing carbon monoxide.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Explain why, when air is taken in and let out during breathing, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air.

The lungs always contain a residual volume of air so that there is a sufficient amount of oxygen present for oxygen to be absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide to be released from the blood. The residual volume also functions to keep the alveoli open even after maximum respiration.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms? Give one example of each.

The different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms are aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration: The respiration which take place in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration. Example Plants Anaerobic respiration: The respiration which take place in the absence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration. Example Bacteria

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Define breathing. State the differences between breathing and respiration.

The physical mechanism in which an organism takes up oxygen from the air and gives out carbon dioxide is called breathing. Breathing Respiration It is a physical mechanism. It is a biochemical mechanism. Only the exchange of gases takes place. The exchange of gases and oxidation of food take place simultaneously. Lungs are the only organ involved in the process. Lungs as well as mitochondria present in the cell are also involved.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Name the type of respiration in which the end products are: (a) C2H5OH and CO2 (b) CO2 and H2O (c) Lactic acid Give one example of each case where such a respiration can occur.

The end products are C2H5OH and CO2, hence it is anaerobic Example: Yeast The end products are CO2 and H2O, hence it is the aerobic Example: Humans The end product is lactic acid, hence it is the anaerobic Example: Muscles in human beings

BiologyClass 10ICSE

What type of respiration takes place in human muscles during vigorous physical exercise? Give the reason for your answer.

Anaerobic respiration takes place in human muscles during vigorous physical exercise. During exercise our body needs more energy and aerobic respiration is not sufficient. Hence muscles start anaerobic respiration to meet the energy needs.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Name the final product/products obtained in the anaerobic respiration, if it takes place: (a) In a plant (like yeast). (b) In an animal tissue (like muscles).

Ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy are the final products during anaerobic respiration in plants (like yeast). Lactic acid and energy are the final products during anaerobic respiration in an animal tissue (like muscles).

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Explain why, a land plant may die if its roots remain waterlogged for a long time.

The roots of plant cannot respire if they remain waterlogged for a long time. The water molecules block the stomatal pores present on the leaves and makes the plant difficult to respire, which leads to death of the plant.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: (a) The organs of respiration in man are the (b) The actual exchange of gases takes place in the of the lungs. (c) in the lungs provide a very large surface area for gaseous exchange. (d) Yeast undergoes respiration whereas Amoeba undergoes.respiration. (e) Gills are the breathing organs in

The organs of respiration in man are the lungs. The actual exchange of gases takes place in the alveoli of the Alveoli in the lungs provide a very large surface area for gaseous Yeast undergoes anaerobic respiration, whereas Amoeba undergoes aerobic Gills are the breathing organs in aquatic animals.

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