Write the modes by which insects affect the crop yield.

Below are the modes by which insects decrease crop yield.

1. Cutting:

Insects cut plant parts such as leaves, fruits, flowers etc. This damages the plant, damaged leaves result in decreased rate of photosynthesis , decreased flower decreases the production of seeds.

1. Borers:

Some pests bore holes in specific plant parts and start living inside. These pest utilize plant nutrients and food which result in the decrease in the yield.

1. Suckers

Few pests suck cell sap by using their proboscis. This result in adverse effect on plant which reduces the yield.