Which country has no human population

Antarctica is the only significant land mass with no permanent human population, though it is not technically a country but rather an internationally governed continent. Under the Antarctic Treaty System (signed in 1959), Antarctica is designated for peaceful purposes and scientific research, with territorial claims suspended and no single nation having sovereignty over it. The continent has no indigenous human population and no permanent residents—only temporary populations of scientists and support staff who rotate through research stations, numbering anywhere from about 1,000 people in winter to around 5,000 in summer months.

Several extremely small uninhabited territories exist around the world, but these are not independent countries—they're usually remote islands, atolls, or territorial possessions of other nations. Examples include Bouvet Island (Norwegian territory), various uninhabited Pacific atolls, and other remote locations too harsh or small to support human habitation. Every internationally recognized sovereign nation has at least a small permanent population—even the smallest countries like Vatican City (800-900 people), Nauru (approximately 12,500), and Tuvalu (around 11,000) have established communities. For a place to function as a country, it needs citizens to form a government, provide services, and maintain sovereignty, which is why truly unpopulated territories exist only as parts of larger nations' territories or as international spaces like Antarctica rather than as independent countries themselves.