What is OOP?

OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming a way of writing code by organising it around "objects" rather than a long list of instructions.

An object bundles together data (properties) and actions (methods). A "Car" object has properties like colour and speed, and methods like accelerate() and brake().

OOP is built on four ideas:

• Encapsulation: keep an object's data private; interact with it only through defined methods
• Inheritance: a new object type inherits from an existing one (ElectricCar inherits from Car, adds chargeBattery())
• Polymorphism: different objects respond to the same method differently (both Car and Bicycle have move(), but implemented differently)
• Abstraction: hide complexity behind a simple interface you do not need to know how an engine works to call accelerate()

Languages using OOP: Python, Java, C++, Ruby.