What is goitre and what causes it?
Goitre is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, which appears as a visible swelling in the neck. The thyroid gland, located at the front of the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism. The most common cause of goitre is iodine deficiency in the diet. Without adequate iodine, the thyroid cannot produce sufficient hormones, causing the gland to enlarge in an attempt to compensate. Other causes include thyroid disorders like hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), autoimmune conditions, or thyroid nodules. Prevention focuses on consuming iodine-rich foods or iodized salt, while treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medication, iodine supplementation, or surgery in severe cases.
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