What gases commonly cause air pollution?
Major air pollutants include carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone (O₃) at ground level, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Carbon monoxide, produced by incomplete combustion in vehicles and industrial processes, is particularly dangerous because it interferes with oxygen transport in the blood. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, released primarily from burning fossil fuels, contribute to acid rain and respiratory problems. Particulate matter—tiny airborne particles—penetrates deep into lungs and can enter the bloodstream, causing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Ground-level ozone forms when sunlight reacts with pollutants from vehicles and industry, creating smog that irritates airways and damages vegetation.
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