What alkaloid is found in the latex of poppy (Papaver somniferum)?
The latex of poppy (Papaver somniferum) contains morphine and other related alkaloids belonging to the phenanthrene class of alkaloids. These alkaloids also include codeine, thebaine, and papaverine. Morphine is the principal alkaloid and is one of the most potent naturally occurring analgesics (pain relievers). The latex, obtained by making incisions in the unripe seed capsules, dries to form opium, which has been used medicinally and recreationally for thousands of years. These alkaloids are biosynthesized in specialized laticifers (latex-containing cells) within the plant. While morphine and codeine have important pharmaceutical applications, the abuse potential of opium and its derivatives has led to strict regulatory control. The presence of these alkaloids serves as a chemical defense for the plant against herbivores.
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