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Mention the functions of Golgi apparatus.

GeneralClass 12AllAnswered 27 Mar 2026
Answer

The Golgi apparatus performs critical post-translational and secretory functions:

Primary Functions:

(i) Packaging and Secretion:

  • Receives proteins/lipids from ER via transport vesicles
  • Modifies, sorts, and packages materials into secretory vesicles
  • Materials delivered to:
    • Intracellular targets: Lysosomes, vacuoles, other organelles
    • Extracellular targets: Plasma membrane, cell exterior (exocytosis)

(ii) Protein Modification:

  • Glycosylation: Addition/modification of oligosaccharide chains
  • Proteolytic cleavage: Prohormone → active hormone
  • Sulfation: Addition of sulfate groups
  • Phosphorylation: Signal tag addition

(iii) Glycoprotein and Glycolipid Formation:

  • Glycoproteins: Membrane receptors, antibodies, hormones
  • Glycolipids: Membrane components, cell recognition

(iv) Formation of Lysosomes:

  • Packages hydrolytic enzymes with mannose-6-phosphate tags
  • Buds off primary lysosomes

(v) Cell Plate Formation (in plants):

  • During cytokinesis, Golgi vesicles fuse to form cell plate (new cell wall)

(vi) Acrosome Formation:

  • In spermatogenesis, Golgi forms acrosome (enzyme-filled cap for fertilization)

Clinical significance: Golgi dysfunction linked to congenital disorders of glycosylation, neurodegenerative diseases

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