Explain the process of chromatography. For what kind of mixtures is this technique most effectively used?

Chromatography is a separation technique used to separate components of a mixture that are dissolved in a fluid (mobile phase) by passing it through a stationary phase. 

The separation occurs because different components travel at different speeds depending on their differential affinities for the stationary and mobile phases. Components that are more soluble in the mobile phase and have less affinity for the stationary phase travel faster. 

This technique is most effectively used for separating components of a mixture where the components have different solubilities in the same solvent, such as separating colors in a dye, pigments from natural colors, or drugs from blood.