Differentiate between Mendel's Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment. Explain each law with a suitable example from pea plant crosses.

Mendel's Law of Segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) from each other such that each gamete carries only one allele for that character. When the egg and sperm unite, they bring together two alleles for each character.

For example, in a monohybrid cross involving pea plants for stem height (Tall 'T' and dwarf 't'), a heterozygous parent (Tt) will produce gametes where 50% carry the 'T' allele and 50% carry the 't' allele. These alleles segregate during gamete formation. Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that during gamete formation, the alleles for different genes assort independently of each other. 

This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait, as long as the genes are located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome. For example, in a dihybrid cross involving pea plants for seed shape (Round 'R' and wrinkled 'r') and seed color (Yellow 'Y' and green 'y'), the alleles for seed shape (R/r) will assort independently of the alleles for seed color (Y/y). A dihybrid parent (RrYy) will produce four types of gametes (RY, Ry, rY, ry) in equal proportions, demonstrating that the segregation of R and r is independent of the segregation of Y and y.