Describe the general arrangement of subatomic particles within an atom, including their relative positions.

An atom consists of a dense, positively charged nucleus at its center, composed of protons and neutrons. Negatively charged electrons orbit this nucleus in a cloud-like region.

The atomic model describes a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, which accounts for most of the atom's mass and positive charge. Electrons, with their much smaller mass and negative charge, occupy the vast space surrounding the nucleus.