General Q&A for Class 12 · Page 112
5,215 free answers in General for Class 12 students, across CBSE, ICSE and State boards.
Question & Answer
Questions
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Grand Trunk Road
The Grand Trunk Road (GT Road), one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads, stretches approximately 2,500 kilometers from Chittagong in Bangladesh (originally) through India to Kabul in Afghanistan, though the most recognized portion runs from Howrah (near Kolkata) to Peshawar (in Pakistan, now in different country due to Partition). Within India, the GT Road covers approximately 2,200 kilometers, passing through major cities including Kolkata, Varanasi, Allahabad, Kanpur, Delhi, Amri
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UPSC Mains Result 2022
The UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination 2022 results were declared on March 28, 2023. The examination, conducted in September 2022, tested candidates who had qualified the Preliminary Examination held in June 2022. Out of the candidates who appeared for Mains, approximately 2,500-3,000 were shortlisted for the Personality Test (Interview) stage based on their written examination performance. The final results of the UPSC Civil Services Examination 2022, after completion of interviews, were
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1 Billion is Equal to
One billion is equal to 100 crores in the Indian numbering system, 1,000 million in the international system, or 1,000,000,000 (one followed by nine zeros). This fundamental conversion enables understanding global statistics, international business figures, and economic data where billions are the standard unit for expressing large quantities. The mathematical equivalence: 1 billion = 1,000 million = 100 crores = 10,000 lakhs = 1,00,00,00,000 (Indian notation). Understanding billion c
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PIL
PIL has multiple meanings depending on context. In Indian legal system, PIL stands for Public Interest Litigation, a legal mechanism allowing any citizen or organization to file a petition in court on behalf of those who cannot approach courts themselves due to poverty, disability, or socially disadvantaged position, addressing issues affecting public interest or large groups rather than individual grievances. PIL represents an innovation in Indian judiciary, departing from traditional standi
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Official Language of India
The official language of India at the Union (central government) level is Hindi in Devanagari script, as specified in Article 343 of the Indian Constitution, with English continuing as an associate official language for official purposes. This constitutional arrangement carefully avoids declaring any language as the "national language," recognizing India's profound linguistic diversity where over 19,500 languages and dialects are spoken, with 22 languages receiving official recognition in the
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Thief
A thief is a person who steals or takes property belonging to another person without permission or legal right, committing the crime of theft (also called larceny in legal terminology). Theft involves intentionally taking someone else's property with the purpose of permanently depriving the owner of that property, distinguishing it from borrowing (intending to return) or accidental taking. Theft is a criminal offense in all legal systems, though specific definitions, classifications, and pena
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First Governor General of India
Lord William Bentinck served as the first Governor-General of India from 1833 to 1835, though it's important to distinguish between the Governor-General of Bengal (earlier position) and Governor-General of India (created by the Charter Act of 1833). Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal (1773-1785), governing only Bengal Presidency initially. The Charter Act of 1833 redesignated the position as Governor-General of India, extending authority over all British territories in I
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Why is Respiration Considered to be an Exothermic Reaction
Respiration is considered an exothermic reaction because it releases energy in the form of heat during the breakdown of glucose (or other organic molecules) to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency used by cells. The overall equation for cellular respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP + Heat), shows glucose and oxygen combining to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. During this process, chemical bonds in glucose (high-energy molecule) are broken
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Two Years Ago a Man was Five Times
This is another age-related algebra problem, likely continuing with additional information about future ages and asking to find current ages. The complete problem might read: "Two years ago, a man was five times as old as his son. [Additional condition about future or present ages]. Find their current ages." Without the complete problem, I'll demonstrate the systematic approach to solving such multi-step age problems. Let's assume the complete problem is: "Two years ago, a man was fiv
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PET Full Form
PET has multiple meanings across different contexts. In medical imaging, PET stands for Positron Emission Tomography, an advanced nuclear medicine imaging technique that produces three-dimensional images of functional processes in the body by detecting gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radiotracer. PET scans are particularly valuable for: detecting cancer (identifying tumors, determining cancer spread, and assessing treatment effectiveness), examining brain disorders (Alzhe
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SC Full Form
SC has multiple meanings depending on context. In Indian social structure and government administration, SC stands for Scheduled Caste, referring to historically disadvantaged communities listed in the Constitution's schedule, formerly called "untouchables" or "Dalits," who faced severe discrimination and social exclusion under the traditional caste system. The Constitution of India (Article 341) provides for identification of Scheduled Castes, with the President publishing an official list (
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How to Apply for Passport
Applying for an Indian passport involves both online and offline processes managed by the Ministry of External Affairs through the Passport Seva portal. The step-by-step procedure: (1) Register on Passport Seva portal (www.passportindia.gov.in) creating an account with email and password; (2) Login and complete online application form accurately, providing personal details, family information, address details, and other required information—
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Radius of Earth
The radius of Earth varies depending on where you measure due to Earth's oblate spheroid shape (slightly flattened at poles, bulging at equator). The equatorial radius (distance from Earth's center to equator) is approximately 6,378 kilometers (3,963 miles), while the polar radius (distance from Earth's center to poles) is approximately 6,357 kilometers (3,950 miles), making the equatorial radius about 21 kilometers larger. For most calculations, scientists use the mean radius of approximatel
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Delhi to Mumbai Distance
The distance between Delhi and Mumbai varies depending on the route taken. By road, the distance is approximately 1,400-1,450 kilometers via National Highway 48 (NH 48), the most common route passing through major cities including Jaipur, Udaipur, Ahmedabad, and Surat, typically taking 20-24 hours of driving time under good conditions, though most travelers break the journey with overnight stops. Alternative routes may be slightly longer or shorter depending on specific starting and ending po
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Mahatma Gandhi Death
Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was assassinated on January 30, 1948, at Birla House (now Gandhi Smriti) in New Delhi, when Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist who opposed Gandhi's philosophy and policies, shot him three times at point-blank range during an evening prayer meeting. Gandhi was 78 years old and died almost immediately, reportedly uttering "Hey Ram" (Oh God/Ram) as he fell. This tragic event occurred less than six months after India gained independence on August 15, 1
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Molarity
Molarity is a measure of concentration expressing the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution, represented by the symbol M and calculated using the formula: Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution. For example, a 2 M sodium chloride solution contains 2 moles of NaCl dissolved in enough water to make exactly 1 liter of final solution. Molarity is one of the most common concentration units in chemistry because it directly relates the amount of substance (in moles,
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Hypermetropia
Hypermetropia (also called hyperopia or farsightedness) is a common refractive error where distant objects can be seen more clearly than nearby objects, caused when the eye's focusing power is too weak or the eyeball is too short, resulting in light rays from near objects focusing behind the retina rather than directly on it. People with hypermetropia struggle with near vision tasks like reading, writing, sewing, or using mobile phones, often experiencing eye strain, headaches, and fatigue fr
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Gravitational Force
Gravitational force is the attractive force that exists between any two objects with mass, one of the four fundamental forces of nature (along with electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces). Described by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the force is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, expressed mathematically as: F = G(m₁m₂)/r², where F is gravitational force, G is the gravitational con
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Indian Constitution Articles
The Indian Constitution contains 395 articles (originally, though amendments have added more) organized into 22 parts, along with 12 schedules, making it one of the world's longest and most detailed written constitutions. These articles cover all aspects of governance, rights, duties, governmental structure, center-state relations, and countless other provisions establishing India's constitutional framework. Rather than listing all articles, I'll highlight key articles that are particularly s
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Largest Airport in India
Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGI Airport) in Delhi is currently India's largest and busiest airport by passenger traffic, handling over 70 million passengers annually (pre-COVID levels), though Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport in Mumbai are also major hubs handling 20+ million passengers each. If measuring by area, Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad covers approximately 5,500 acres, making it one of Indi