The Age of Industrialisation: Class 10 Social Studies Q&A
7 free answers on The Age of Industrialisation (Social Studies) for Class 10 students, across CBSE, ICSE and State boards. Includes questions such as “Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?”, “Explain what is meant by proto-industrialisation.”
Question & Answer
Questions
- Social StudiesClass 10CBSE
Why did industrial production in India increase during the First World War? Solution: Industrial production in India increased during the First World War due to the following reasons:
The British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army; thus, Manchester’s imports to India declined. With the decline in imports suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs also, such as Jute bags, cloth for the uniform of soldiers, tents, and leather boots. New factories were set up, and old ones organised multiple shifts; during the war ye
- Social StudiesClass 10CBSE
Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encyclopedia on Britain and the history of cotton. Write your piece using information from the entire.
The following inventions in 18th-century England (given in chronological order) are important milestones in the history of cotton. James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny in 1764. This improved spinning work significantly. John Key invented the ‘Flying Shuttle’ in 1769, which boosted the weaving process. Richard Arkwright improved the ‘Spinning Jenny’ in 1769 so that it could be run by water power. He called it the ‘Water F
- Social StudiesClass 10CBSE
How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?
Solution: The East India Company adopted various steps to ensure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles. They established political power to assert a monopoly on the right to trade. The company tried to eliminate the existing traders and brokers connected with the cloth trade and establish direct control over the weavers. It appointed paid servants called the ‘Gomasthas’ to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the qua
- Social StudiesClass 10CBSE
Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
Solution: In the 19th century, some European industrialists preferred hand labour over machines because New technologies and machines were expensive and untested. So, the producers and the industrialists were cautious about using them. Machines often broke down, and repairing them was an expensive affair. Poor peasants and migrants moved to cities in large numbers in search of jobs. As a result, there was a large pool of labourers avail
- Social StudiesClass 10CBSE
Explain what is meant by proto-industrialisation.
Solution: Even before factories began to appear on the landscape of England and Europe, there was large-scale industrial production for an international market. This was not based on factories. Many historians now refer to this phase of industrialisation as proto-industrialisation or the precursor to industrialisation. During this period, most of the goods were hand manufactured by trained crafts-persons for the international market.
- Social StudiesClass 10CBSE
Write True or False against each statement. a. At the end of the nineteenth century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector. b. The international market for fine textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century. c. The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India. d. The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled handloom workers to improve their productivity.
Solution: False True False True
- Social StudiesClass 10CBSE
a. Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny. b. In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages. c. The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century. d. The East India Company appointed ‘gomasthas’ to supervise weavers in India.
James Hargreaves designed the Spinning Jenny in 1764. This machine speeded up the spinning process and reduced the demand for labour. By the use of this machine, a single worker could turn a number of spindles and spin several threads at a time. Due to this, many weavers lost their employment. The fearful prospect of unemployment drew women workers, who depended on hand-spinning, to attack the new machines. World trade expanded at a very fast rate during the 17th and 18