Carbon and its compounds: Class 10 Chemistry Q&A · Page 2
44 free answers on Carbon and its compounds (Chemistry) for Class 10 students, across CBSE, ICSE and State boards.
Question & Answer
Questions
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
What are hydrocarbons? Explain with examples. (b) Explain the meaning of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each. (c) Give the names and structural formulae of one saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and one unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon. (d) Give one example of a hydrocarbon, other than pentane, having more than three isomers. (e) How many isomers of the following hydrocarbons are possible? (i) C3H8 (ii) C4H10 (iii) C5H12 (iv) C6H14
A compound made up of hydrogen and carbon only is called a hydrocarbon. For example: methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethene (C2H4), and ethyne (C2H2), all are hydrocarbons as they are made up of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen. Saturated hydrocarbons are those which the carbon atoms are connected by single bonds and also called alkanes. Example: Methane and ethane Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those which the two carbon atoms are connected by a double bond
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Write two points of difference in the structures of diamond and graphite. (b) Explain why, graphite can be used as a lubricant but diamond cannot. (c) Explain why, diamond can be used in rock drilling equipment but graphite cannot. (d) State one use of diamond which depends on its 'extraordinary brilliance' and one use of graphite that depends on its being 'black and quite soft'.
(i) In diamond, carbon atoms are linked to four other carbon atom In graphite, carbon atom is joined to only three other carbon atoms. (ii) In diamond, crystal has tetrahedral arrangement In graphite, crystal has a hexagonal ring structure. Graphite can be used as lubricant because of its Diamond can be used as rock drilling equipment because of its hardness It has a rigid structure. Diamonds are used for making jewellery Graphite is u
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
What is the unique property of carbon atom? How is this property helpful to us? (b) Explain why, diamond is hard while graphite is soft.
(a) Carbon can form long chains by combining atoms to atoms. Catenation is the most unique property of a carbon atom. This gives a large number of carbon compounds or organic compounds. (b) Diamond and graphite are made up of carbon. Diamond is hard and graphite is soft. Because the strong covalent bond between carbon forming a tetrahedron which is hard to break. Graphite is flat hexagonal ring forming layers of carbon atoms.
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
How can diamonds be made artificially? How do synthetic diamonds differ from natural ones? (b) Give any two differences between the properties of diamond and graphite. What causes these differences?
By subjecting the pure carbon to a very high pressure and temperature diamonds can be made artificially. (b)(i) Diamond is hard in nature whereas graphite is soft. (ii) Diamond can conduct electricity whereas graphite cannot it is a poor conductor of electricity. The arrangement of carbon atom in these two are different, hence causes for the difference in properties.
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibiting both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.
Catenation is the ability of an element to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. The ability of catenation in carbon is greater than in silicon. The nucleus of carbon exerts a greater force of attraction on the shared pair of electrons and holds them firmly to form covalent bonds. This is the reason behind the ability of carbon to hold n number of atoms.
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Give IUPAC names and formulae of an organic compound containing single bonds and the other containing a triple bond. (b) Which of the following is the molecular formula of benzene? C6H6 , C6H10 , C6H12 , C6H14 Which of the two has a branched chain: isobutene or normal butane?
Methane (single bond): CH4 Ethyne (triple bond): C2H2 Benzene: C6H6 Isobutene has a branched
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Friedrich Wohler converted an inorganic compound into an organic compound in the laboratory. (i) Give the name and formula of inorganic compound. (ii) Write the name and formula of organic compound formed. (b) Give the molecular formula of butane and mention the names of its two isomers. Name one fuel which contains both these isomers.
Solution: (a) (i) Ammonium cyanate, NH4CNO (ii) Urea, CO(NH2)2 (b) The molecular formula of butane is C4H10; Its isomers are n-butane and 2-methylpropane; LPG.
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Give the general formula of an: (i) alkane, (ii) alkene and (iii) alkyne. (b) Classify the following compounds as alkanes, alkenes and alkynes: C2H4 , C3H4 , C4H8 , C5H12 , C5H8 , C3H8 , C6H6.
Solution: (a) (i) CnH2n+2 (ii) CnH2n (iii) CnH2n-2 (b) Alkanes: C5H12 , C5H8 Alkenes: C2H4 , C4H8 Alkynes: C3H4 ,C5H8
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
What is buckminsterfullerene? How is it related to diamond and graphite? (b) Why is diamond used for making cutting tools but graphite is not? Why is graphite used for making dry cell electrodes but diamond is not?
Buckminsterfullerene is an allotrope of carbon containing clusters of 60 carbon atoms joined together to form spherical molecules. It burns on heating to form carbon dioxide and nothing is left behind. This shows that it is made up of carbon only like diamond and graphite. Diamond used for making cutting tools but graphite is not because diamond is a very hard substance and graphite is a soft substance. Graphite is used for making dry cell electrodes but diamond is
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
• (a) What is the general name of all the compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen? (b) Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?
(a) Hydrocarbons is the general name of all compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen (b) Carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonding in order to achieve the inert gas configuration by sharing the electrons.
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
What is the atomic number of carbon. Write its electronic configuration. (b) What type of chemical bonds are formed by carbon? Why? Name the three allotropic forms of carbon.
(a) The atomic number of carbon is Its electronic configuration is 2,4. Carbon forms covalent bonds because it can achieve the inert gas electron arrangement only by sharing of electrons. Diamond, graphite and buckminsterfullerene are the three allotropes of
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: (a) The form of carbon which is known as black lead is . (b) The form of carbon which is used as a lubricant at high temperature is . (c) Compounds of carbon with hydrogen alone are called . (d) CnH2n is the general formula of hydrocarbons. (e) Hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n-2 are called . (f) Ethene and ethyne are examples of hydrocarbons. (g) Ethyne has carbon-hydrogen single bonds. (h) Carbon compounds have usually melting points and boiling points because they are in nature. (i) The property of carbon atoms to form long chains in compounds is called . (j) The general formula CnH2n for cycloalkanes is the same as that of . (k) The IUPAC name of ethylene is . (l) The IUPAC name of acetylene is .
Graphite Graphite Hydrocarbons Alkene Alkynes Unsaturated Two Low; covalent Catenation Alkenes Ethene Ethyne
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
What do you call the compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms?
Isomer are the compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Give the IUPAC name of the following compound: • C2H6
Ethane is the IUPAC name for C2H6
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Name the hardest natural substance known.
Diamond is the hardest natural substance.
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
How does graphite act as a lubricant?
Graphite has a hexagonal structure and a force exist between the layers. This weak force can slide over one another making the graphite in a slippery form and act as lubricant.
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Name the black substance of pencil. Will the current flow through the electrical circuit when we use the sharpened ends of the pencil to complete the circuit?
Black substance inside a pencil is graphite. Yes, current will flow through the electrical circuit since graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
In addition to some propane and ethane, LPG cylinders contain mainly two isomers of another alkane. Name the two isomers and write their condensed structural formula.
n-butane and iso-butane are the two isomers of another alkane. n-butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3 Iso-butane: CH3CHCH3 | CH3
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Buckminsterfullerene is a spherical molecule in which 60 carbon atoms are arranged in interlocking hexagonal and pentagonal rings of carbon atoms. (a) How many hexagons of carbon atoms are present in one molecule of buckminsterfullerene? How many pentagons of carbon atoms are present in one molecule of buckminsterfullerene?
20 hexagons of carbon atoms are present in one molecule of buckminsterfullerene 12 pentagons of carbon atoms are present in one molecule of buckminsterfullerene
- ChemistryClass 10ICSE
Name the element whose allotropic form is graphite.
Carbon is the element whose allotropic form is graphite.