Causes of friction
PhysicsClass 10CBSEAnswered 20 May 2026
Answer
- Interlocking of microscopic surface irregularities (asperities) — primary cause
- Molecular adhesive forces (van der Waals forces between contact surfaces)
- Normal force — greater pressing force = greater interlocking = more friction (f = μN)
- Nature of materials — rubber/concrete = high friction; ice/ice = very low
- Surface deformation — soft materials deform to increase contact area
- Lubricants — reduce friction by creating a separating film
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