Briefly describe the phases involved in the mechanism of mineral absorption by plants.

Mineral absorption occurs in two distinct phases:

1. Initial Phase (Passive Phase):

• Rapid uptake of ions into the outer free space (apoplast)—comprising cell walls and intercellular spaces
• Absorption is passive, requiring no metabolic energy
• Ions move through ion channels down concentration gradients

1. Metabolic Phase (Active Phase):

• Ions enter the inner space (symplast)—comprising cytoplasm and vacuole
• Movement is an active process requiring metabolic energy (ATP)
• Ions are transported against concentration gradients via carrier proteins and ion pumps

This two-phase mechanism ensures efficient and selective mineral uptake.