a) What do the letters p.d stand for? b) Which device is used to measure p.d?

1. d stands for potential difference

Potential difference is defined as the difference between the energy carried by the two points in the circuit. Potential difference is also equal to the product of the amount of current and the resistance. Following is the formula used for calculating potential difference:

V = I × R

Where,

• V is the voltage
• I is the current
• R is the resistance

1. Voltmeter is used for measuring d

An instrument that is used for measuring the voltage in volts is known as a voltmeter. Letter V is used for representing voltmeter between the two terminals.