Thermodynamics

A refrigerator works on the principle of:

1. Converting heat completely into work
2. Transfer of heat from cold body to hot body using external work
3. Conservation of momentum
4. Increasing entropy only

The third law of thermodynamics is related to:

1. Zero entropy at absolute zero temperature
2. Conservation of energy
3. Heat transfer
4. Thermal expansion

The process in which pressure remains constant is called:

1. Isothermal process
2. Isochoric process
3. Isobaric process
4. Adiabatic process

The work done by a gas during expansion is:

1. Always negative
2. Always zero
3. Positive
4. Independent of volume change

In an isochoric process, the volume of the system:

1. Remains constant
2. Increases
3. Decreases
4. Becomes infinite

A heat engine converts:

1. Mechanical energy into heat energy
2. Heat energy into mechanical work
3. Electrical energy into heat only
4. Mass into energy only

The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on:

1. Pressure only
2. Volume only
3. Temperature only
4. Pressure and volume only

An adiabatic process is one in which:

1. Temperature remains constant
2. Pressure remains constant
3. No heat is exchanged with surroundings
4. Volume remains constant

The first law of thermodynamics is based on the law of conservation of:

1. Mass
2. Charge
3. Energy
4. Momentum

Thermodynamics is the study of:

1. Motion of bodies
2. Heat, work, and energy transfer
3. Electric current
4. Properties of light

A Carnot engine operates between:

1. Two equal temperatures
2. Two heat reservoirs at different temperatures
3. Vacuum only
4. Constant pressure only

The equation PV = nRT represents:

1. First law of thermodynamics
2. Ideal gas equation
3. Second law of thermodynamics
4. Newton's equation

During free expansion of an ideal gas:

1. Work is done on surroundings
2. Heat is absorbed
3. No work is done
4. Temperature increases greatly

Work done in a thermodynamic process depends on:

1. Path followed
2. Only initial state
3. Only final state
4. Temperature only

The efficiency of a heat engine can never be:

1. Less than 50%
2. Equal to 25%
3. Equal to 100%
4. More than 10%

A process in which volume remains constant is called:

1. Isobaric
2. Isochoric
3. Isothermal
4. Adiabatic

A process in which pressure remains constant is called:

1. Isothermal process
2. Adiabatic process
3. Isobaric process
4. Isochoric process

The internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on:

1. Pressure
2. Volume
3. Temperature
4. Density

The second law of thermodynamics introduces the concept of:

1. Force
2. Entropy
3. Momentum
4. Acceleration

In an adiabatic process:

1. Heat exchange occurs
2. No heat exchange occurs
3. Temperature remains constant
4. Pressure remains constant

In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system:

1. Remains constant
2. Increases continuously
3. Decreases continuously
4. Becomes zero

The SI unit of heat energy is:

1. Calorie
2. Joule
3. Watt
4. Kelvin

The first law of thermodynamics is based on the principle of:

1. Conservation of mass
2. Conservation of energy
3. Conservation of momentum
4. Increase of entropy

The zeroth law of thermodynamics is related to:

1. Conservation of energy
2. Thermal equilibrium
3. Entropy
4. Work done

The branch of physics that deals with heat, temperature, and energy transfer is called:

1. Mechanics
2. Thermodynamics
3. Optics
4. Electromagnetism