Plant Kingdom

Which sequence correctly represents the evolutionary progression of major plant groups?

1. Gymnosperms -> Algae -> Bryophytes -> Angiosperms
2. Algae -> Bryophytes -> Pteridophytes -> Gymnosperms -> Angiosperms
3. Bryophytes -> Algae -> Gymnosperms -> Pteridophytes -> Angiosperms
4. Algae -> Gymnosperms -> Bryophytes -> Angiosperms -> Pteridophytes

Which plant group shows the highest degree of reduction in the gametophyte generation?

1. Bryophytes
2. Pteridophytes
3. Gymnosperms
4. Angiosperms

Which feature is common to all gymnosperms?

1. Flowers are present.
2. Fruits enclose the seeds.
3. Seeds remain exposed on sporophylls.
4. Double fertilization occurs.

Which of the following is an example of a liverwort?

1. Funaria
2. Riccia
3. Polytrichum
4. Pteris

Double fertilization is a characteristic feature of:

1. Bryophytes
2. Pteridophytes
3. Gymnosperms
4. Angiosperms

The female gametophyte in angiosperms is called:

1. Prothallus
2. Embryo sac
3. Archegonium
4. Protonema

Seeds are first observed in which plant group?

1. Bryophytes
2. Pteridophytes
3. Gymnosperms
4. Algae

Which of the following is correctly matched?

1. Green algae -- Laminarin
2. Brown algae -- Floridean starch
3. Red algae -- Floridean starch
4. Brown algae -- Starch

Which of the following plants has motile male gametes despite being a gymnosperm?

1. Pinus
2. Cedrus
3. Cycas
4. Gnetum

Which gymnosperm is commonly called the "living fossil"?

1. Cycas
2. Ginkgo biloba
3. Pinus
4. Cedrus

Which of the following is a heterosporous pteridophyte?

1. Pteris
2. Lycopodium
3. Selaginella
4. Equisetum

Which pigment imparts the characteristic brown colour to brown algae?

1. Chlorophyll b
2. Fucoxanthin
3. Phycoerythrin
4. Xanthophyll

The reserve food in red algae is mainly:

1. Starch
2. Floridean starch
3. Glycogen
4. Cellulose

In which plant group does the sporophyte become the dominant and independent generation for the first time?

1. Algae
2. Bryophytes
3. Pteridophytes
4. Gymnosperms

Which group of plants is characterized by the absence of vascular tissues and the dominance of the gametophyte generation?

1. Pteridophytes
2. Bryophytes
3. Gymnosperms
4. Angiosperms