Organisms and Populations

Which of the following statements regarding population attributes is correct?

1. Natality refers to the number of deaths occurring in a population.
2. Mortality refers to the number of births occurring in a population.
3. Population density represents the number of individuals present per unit area or volume.
4. Population attributes can also be measured for a single individual.

The relationship between fig trees and fig wasps is an example of:

1. Predation
2. Mutualism
3. Competition
4. Parasitism

The age pyramid of a rapidly growing population is generally:

1. Bell-shaped
2. Urn-shaped
3. Broad-based triangular
4. Rectangular

Which of the following interactions is correctly matched?

1. Orchid growing on a mango tree — Parasitism
2. Lichen — Mutualism
3. Tiger feeding on deer — Commensalism
4. Cuscuta on host plant — Mutualism

Which of the following population growth curves is obtained when resources are unlimited?

1. S-shaped (Sigmoid) curve
2. J-shaped (Exponential) curve
3. Bell-shaped curve
4. Pyramid-shaped curve

The maximum number of individuals that an environment can support sustainably is called its:

1. Biotic potential
2. Carrying capacity
3. Natality
4. Mortality

The logistic population growth curve is generally:

1. J-shaped
2. S-shaped
3. Circular
4. Linear

Which of the following is a parasitic interaction?

1. Bee and flower
2. Cuscuta growing on a host plant
3. Lichen
4. Cattle egret and buffalo

In the relationship between a cattle egret and a grazing cattle, the egret benefits while the cattle remain unaffected. This interaction is called:

1. Mutualism
2. Parasitism
3. Commensalism
4. Predation

An association between two species in which both species benefit is called:

1. Parasitism
2. Predation
3. Mutualism
4. Commensalism

Which of the following adaptations helps desert plants reduce water loss?

1. Broad leaves with numerous stomata
2. Thick waxy cuticle and sunken stomata
3. Large soft leaves
4. Thin epidermis

Which of the following organisms is an example of a regulator?

1. Earthworm
2. Frog
3. Human
4. Lizard

The term homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to:

1. Migrate to another habitat
2. Maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite external changes
3. Increase population size rapidly
4. Undergo hibernation during winter

According to Shelford's Law of Tolerance, the survival and distribution of a species depend upon:

1. Only the minimum value of an environmental factor
2. Only the maximum value of an environmental factor
3. The range of tolerance for environmental factors
4. The total number of predators present

Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor affecting the distribution of organisms?

1. Temperature
2. Rainfall
3. Predation
4. Soil pH

A sedentary sea anemone gets attached to the shell lining of hermit crab. The association is:

1. Parasitism
2. Mutualism
3. Commensalism
4. Amensalism

In a pond with 30 lotus plants, 25 were added and 8 died. Birth and death rates are:

1. Birth rate: 0.83/lotus/year, Death rate: 0.26/lotus/year
2. Birth rate: 0.26/lotus/year, Death rate: 0.83/lotus/year
3. Birth rate: 25/year, Death rate: 8/year
4. Cannot be determined

Population ecology is an important area of ecology because

1. It studies abiotic factors only
2. It links ecology to population genetics and evolution
3. It is purely theoretical
4. It deals with individual organisms

According to the figure, I, II, III and IV which affect basic process of population density are respectively

1. Increase, Increase, Decrease, Decrease
2. Decrease, Decrease, Increase, Increase
3. Increase, Decrease, Increase, Decrease
4. Decrease, Increase, Decrease, Increase

Population density fluctuates due to changes in basic processes. A includes Natality and ___; B includes Mortality and ___

1. A: Immigration, B: Emigration
2. A: Emigration, B: Immigration
3. A: Mortality, B: Natality
4. A: Birth, B: Death

What type of human population is represented by an urn-shaped age pyramid?

1. Growing population
2. Stable population
3. Declining population
4. Explosive population

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about parasites?

1. Parasites are harmful to the host
2. Haustoria are found in ectoparasites
3. Ectoparasites feed on external surface of host
4. Lice and ticks are examples of ectoparasites

Inter-specific interaction arise from the interaction of

1. Individuals of the same species
2. Populations of two different species
3. Communities of ecosystems
4. Individuals and their physical environment

_______ in birds is an example of parasitism in which the parasitic bird lays eggs in the nest of its host.

1. Mimicry
2. Brood parasitism
3. Commensalism
4. Mutualism

Which of the following adaptation does not lessen the impact of predation?

1. Cryptic colouration
2. Warning colouration
3. Different feeding habits of finches
4. Thorns and spines in plants

Natural selection operates to evolve the desired traits at

1. Individual level
2. Community level
3. Population level
4. Ecosystem level

Mean annual precipitation (cm) in temperate forest is

1. 75-150 cm
2. 200-450 cm
3. 25-75 cm
4. Over 200 cm

Which characteristics determine the percolation and water holding capacity of soils?

1. Soil colour and pH only
2. Particle size and aggregation
3. Mineral content only
4. Organic matter only

Consider the following statements about biomes, rainfall and organisms

1. All correct
2. Only (a) and (b) correct
3. Only (c) and (d) correct
4. Only (a) correct

_______ is any attribute of the organism that enables the organism to survive and reproduce in its habitat.

1. Adaptation
2. Homeostasis
3. Regulation
4. Conformation

Which of the following is the stage of suspended development?

1. Dormancy
2. Hibernation
3. Aestivation
4. Diapause.

Water body X: 3 ppt, Y: 35 ppt, Z: 110 ppt. Select the correct option.

1. X can be a lagoon
2. Y can be a sea.
3. Z can be an inland river.
4. None of these.

Organisms that can tolerate a wide range of salt concentration are termed as

1. Stenosaline
2. Euryhaline
3. Stenohaline
4. Eurysaline.

Study the following statements and select the correct ones about eurythermal organisms and thermal tolerance

1. (i) only
2. (ii) only
3. (i), (ii) and (iii)
4. (i), (iii) and (iv)

Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions because

1. They have a smaller surface area relative to their volume.
2. They have a larger volume relative to their surface area.
3. They have smaller metabolic rate.
4. They have a larger surface area relative to their volume

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

1. Average temperature decreases progressively from plains to the mountain tops.
2. Average temperature decreases progressively from the equator towards the poles.
3. Temperature affects the kinetics of enzymes and through it the basal metabolism of organisms.
4. None of these.

Regarding temperature and osmotic concentration nearly all plants are

1. Regulator
2. Conformer
3. Partial regulator
4. Escaper in time

Many animals use the diurnal and seasonal variations in light intensity and photoperiod as cues timing of

1. Forage only
2. Reproductive activities only
3. Migration only
4. All of these

Many tribes living in the high altitude of Himalayas have a

1. Higher WBC count than people living in the plains.
2. Lower WBC count than people living in the plains.
3. Higher RBC count than people living in the plains.
4. Lower RBC count than people living in the plains.

Read the following statements regarding adaptation and choose the correct option

1. (i), (ii) and (iii)
2. Only (ii)
3. (iv) and (v)
4. All of these

Identify the correct statement.

1. The smaller animals have larger surface area relative to their volume.
2. Smaller animals are rarely found in polar region.
3. Bear cannot migrate hence hibernate during winter.
4. All of the above

Read the following statements and choose the correct option about light, UV rays, photoperiod, and red algae

1. (i) and (iii)
2. (i), (iii) and (iv)
3. only (iii)
4. (i), (ii), (iv) and (v)

Many freshwater fishes cannot live for long in sea water and vice-versa mainly because of the

1. Variation in light intensity.
2. Change in the levels of thermal tolerance.
3. Osmosis.
4. Spectral quality of solar radiation.

Which factor is responsible for mango trees not growing in Canada, tuna not caught beyond tropical latitude, and snow leopards not in Kerala?

1. Light
2. Water
3. Temperature
4. Soil

The process in which the body's internal environment is kept stable is known as

1. Homeostasis
2. Adaptation
3. Geometry
4. Acclimatization

Percolation and water holding capacity of soil is dependent upon

1. Soil composition
2. Grain size
3. Aggregation
4. All of these

Organisms that are restricted to a narrow range of salinity, are called

1. Ectohaline
2. Osmoconformer
3. Euryhaline
4. Stenohaline

A few organisms can tolerate and thrive a wide range of temperature. Such animals are called

1. Stenothermal
2. Eurythermal
3. Thermophilic
4. Ectothermal

What are the key elements that lead to so many variations in the physical and chemical conditions of different habitats?

1. Temperature and water
2. Light and soil
3. Only temperature
4. Temperature, water, light and soil

The term 'precipitation' includes

1. Rain
2. Snow
3. Hails
4. All forms of water that fall to the ground.

…………. are interactions among organisms and between the organism and its physical (abiotic) environment.

1. Ecosystem
2. Ecology
3. Ecotype
4. Ecosan

Ecology is basically concerned with ………. levels of biological organization

1. Four
2. Five
3. Three
4. Two

…………… is known as the Father of Ecology in India

1. Ramshiv Mishra
2. Ramdeo Mishra
3. H.G Khorana
4. Nirenberg

The study of interaction among organisms and between the organism and its physical (abiotic) environment is

1. Ecosystem study
2. Environmental study
3. Ecology
4. Population study

Basic unit of ecological hierarchy is

1. Population
2. Community
3. Ecosystem
4. Individual