Microbes in Human Welfare

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

1. Penicillin — Alexander Fleming
2. Biogas — Lactobacillus
3. Bread fermentation — Rhizobium
4. Curd formation — Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Activated sludge obtained during sewage treatment is rich in:

1. Viruses only
2. Aerobic microbial flocs
3. Chemical fertilizers
4. Algal spores only

Which one of the following is NOT correctly matched?

1. Lactobacillus — Curd formation
2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae — Bread production
3. Methanobacterium — Antibiotic production
4. Rhizobium — Nitrogen fixation

Statins, used to lower blood cholesterol levels, are commercially produced by:

1. Lactobacillus
2. Monascus purpureus
3. Rhizobium
4. Methanobacterium

Which microorganism is used in the production of the immunosuppressive drug Cyclosporin A?

1. Monascus purpureus
2. Trichoderma polysporum
3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4. Aspergillus niger

Which of the following is an example of a biofertilizer?

1. Urea
2. Ammonium sulfate
3. Azospirillum
4. Superphosphate

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of:

1. Amount of dissolved oxygen available in pure water
2. Oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose organic matter in water
3. Total carbon dioxide present in water
4. Concentration of nitrogen in wastewater

The process of treating sewage using microorganisms under aerobic conditions is known as:

1. Pasteurization
2. Primary treatment
3. Secondary treatment
4. Chlorination

Which of the following microorganisms is used in the commercial production of citric acid?

1. Aspergillus niger
2. Rhizobium
3. Clostridium butylicum
4. Lactobacillus

Which microorganism is primarily responsible for methane production in biogas plants?

1. Lactobacillus
2. Methanobacterium
3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4. Penicillium chrysogenum

Which bacterium is widely used as a biofertilizer because of its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the root nodules of leguminous plants?

1. Lactobacillus
2. Rhizobium
3. Escherichia coli
4. Clostridium tetani

Biogas mainly consists of:

1. Carbon dioxide only
2. Methane only
3. Methane along with carbon dioxide and small amounts of other gases
4. Oxygen and nitrogen

Which antibiotic was first discovered from the fungus Penicillium notatum?

1. Streptomycin
2. Penicillin
3. Erythromycin
4. Tetracycline

The microorganism commonly used in the commercial production of bread and alcoholic beverages is:

1. Lactobacillus
2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
3. Penicillium notatum
4. Methanobacterium

Which microorganism is primarily responsible for converting milk into curd?

1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2. Lactobacillus
3. Aspergillus niger
4. Rhizobium

A nitrogen-fixing microbe associated with Azolla in rice fields is:

1. Tolypothrix
2. Spirulina
3. Anabaena
4. Frankia

Which of the following serves as biofertilizer in paddy fields?

1. Anabaena
2. Azospirillum
3. Nostoc
4. Both (1) and (2)

The symbiotic association of fungi with the roots of higher plants is called

1. Eubacteria
2. Actinomycetes
3. Mycorrhiza
4. Lichen

Bio-fertilizers include

1. Nitrogen fixing bacteria
2. Mycorrhiza
3. Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria
4. All of the above

Study the following statements and select the correct ones (Methanogens, Nostoc, Mycoplasma)

1. Only (i) and (ii)
2. Only (i) and (iii)
3. Only (ii) and (iii)
4. All of (i), (ii) and (iii)

Biofertilizers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. Which of the following can be used as biofertilizers?

1. Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria
2. Nitrogen fixing bacteria
3. Mycorrhizae
4. All of these

Fungi forming symbiotic associations with plants (mycorrhiza) show

1. Resistance to root-borne pathogens
2. Tolerance to salinity and drought
3. An overall increase in plant growth and development
4. All of the above

The biofertilizers are

1. Azospirillum and Azotobacter
2. Cow dung, manure and farmyard waste
3. Quick growing crop ploughed under soil
4. None of these

Which one of the following is not a nitrogen fixing organism?

1. Anabaena
2. Nostoc
3. Azotobacter
4. Pseudomonas

Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that are very common in

1. Root ecosystems
2. Shoot ecosystem
3. Root ecosystems and shoot ecosystem
4. None of these

Bt spores are mixed with ____________ and sprayed on vulnerable plants.

1. Only alcohol
2. Any organic solvent
3. Only water
4. Any aqueous solvent

A beetle with 'red and black' markings is known as _________.

1. Dragonfly
2. Ladybird
3. Clever Wasp
4. Queen Ant

Biocontrol refers to

1. Indiscriminate use of microbes for human welfare
2. Use of biological methods for controlling plant diseases and pests
3. Use of microbes to control cattle diseases
4. Both (2) and (3)

Biogas generation - select correct option for stages I, II and III of anaerobic digestion

1. Stage I: enzymatic breakdown of complex compounds into simple soluble compounds
2. Stage II: monomers converted into organic acids by fermentation
3. Stage III: organic acids acted upon by methanogenic bacteria to produce biogas
4. All of these

The bacteria responsible for biogas production are collectively called

1. Methanogens
2. Thermoacidophiles
3. Halophiles
4. Cyanobacterium

The residue left after methane production from cattle dung is

1. Burnt
2. Buried in landfills
3. Used as manure
4. Used in civil construction

In biogas plant diagram, products A, B and C are correctly identified as

1. A-Sludge; B-Methane, Oxygen; C-Dung, water
2. A-Sludge; B-Methane, Carbon dioxide; C-Dung, water
3. A-Sludge; B-Ethylene, Carbon dioxide; C-Dung, water
4. A-Sludge; B-Methane, Carbon dioxide; C-Sewage

A major component of gobar gas is

1. Ammonia
2. Methane
3. Ethane
4. Butane

The gas produced as end-product during growth and metabolism of microbes depends on

1. Nature of microbe and substrate
2. Nature of digester tank and microbe
3. Nature of microbe only
4. Oxygen levels in the digester tank

What gases are produced in anaerobic sludge digesters?

1. Methane and CO2 only
2. Methane, Hydrogen sulphide and CO2
3. Methane, Hydrogen sulphide and O2
4. Hydrogen sulphide and CO2

Once BOD from the sewage is reduced significantly, the flocs are allowed to sediment and it is known as ____________.

1. Primary sludge
2. Secondary sludge
3. Activated sludge
4. Inactivated sludge

The primary treatment of sewage involves

1. Digestion
2. Decomposition
3. Sedimentation and filtration
4. None of these

Sewage water treatment is done in how many stages?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Municipal waste water is also known as _____.

1. Drainage
2. Sewage
3. Spillage
4. Gutter

The bottled juices are clarified by the use of

1. Pectinases
2. Proteases
3. Lipases
4. Both (1) & (2)

Citric acid is produced by

1. Acetobacter aceti (a bacterium)
2. Yeast (a fungus)
3. Aspergillus niger (a fungus)
4. Streptococcus (a bacterium)

'Gal ghotu' is a common name for which disease?

1. Whooping cough
2. Diphtheria
3. Plague
4. Leprosy

Identify the correct statements with respect to antibiotics

1. Fleming, Chain and Florey were awarded Nobel prize in 1947; Antibiotics improved capacity to treat deadly diseases
2. Fleming, Chain and Florey awarded Nobel prize in 1947; Penicillin used in WWII
3. Antibiotics improved capacity to treat deadly diseases; Penicillin used in WWII
4. All are correct

_______ is the alcoholic beverage obtained without distillation.

1. Whiskey
2. Brandy
3. Wine
4. Rum

Production of beverages at industrial scale requires growing microbes in very large containers known as

1. Digesters
2. Fermentors
3. Dough
4. Concrete tank

Which bacterium helps in the production of 'Swiss cheese'?

1. Propionibacterium sharmanii
2. Trichoderma polysporum
3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4. Aspergillus niger

The dough which is used for making idli and dosa is fermented by

1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2. A bacterium
3. Lactobacillus
4. Propionibacterium sharmanii

'Swiss cheese' bears large holes due to the production of CO2 by which microbe?

1. Lactobacillus
2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
3. Propionibacterium shermanii
4. Aspergillus niger

Which microbe helps us in the preparation of bread?

1. Bacteria
2. Yeast
3. Fungi
4. Algae

Which vitamin is synthesized by LAB?

1. Vitamin B2
2. Vitamin B6
3. Vitamin B5
4. Vitamin B12

Organic farming includes

1. Use of fertilizers and pesticides of biological origin
2. IPM (Integrated Pest Management)
3. Locally developed pest resistant varieties
4. All of the above

The nutritive medium for growing bacteria and many fungi in the laboratory is called

1. Culture media
2. Fermentation media
3. Baking media
4. None of these

Microbial colonies (characteristics)

1. Can be grown on nutritive media
2. Can be seen by naked eyes
3. Are useful in study of microbes
4. More than one option is correct

Microbial colonies

1. Can be grown on nutritive media
2. Can be seen by naked eyes
3. Are useful in study of microbes
4. More than one option is correct

Which of the following microbe is made up of protein only?

1. Virus
2. Bacteria
3. Viroids
4. Prions