Locomotion and Movement

Which statement correctly describes the sliding filament theory?

1. Actin and myosin filaments shorten during contraction.
2. Only myosin filaments move during contraction.
3. Actin filaments slide over myosin filaments without either filament shortening.
4. Muscle contraction occurs because ATP is converted directly into muscle fibers.

Which disorder is characterized by an autoimmune attack on the neuromuscular junction?

1. Arthritis
2. Myasthenia gravis
3. Osteoporosis
4. Muscular dystrophy

The point where two bones meet is called a:

1. Tendon
2. Ligament
3. Joint
4. Cartilage

Which molecule provides the immediate energy required for muscle contraction?

1. Glucose
2. ATP
3. Glycogen
4. DNA

Which disease results from degeneration of articular cartilage?

1. Gout
2. Osteoarthritis
3. Osteoporosis
4. Myasthenia gravis

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint?

1. Shoulder joint
2. Hip joint
3. Elbow joint
4. Wrist joint

The fluid present in synovial joints is called:

1. Cerebrospinal fluid
2. Lymph
3. Synovial fluid
4. Plasma

Which joint allows movement in all directions?

1. Hinge joint
2. Pivot joint
3. Ball and socket joint
4. Gliding joint

Which part of the sarcomere remains unchanged in length during contraction?

1. I-band
2. H-zone
3. Z-line
4. A-band

Which type of muscle is voluntary?

1. Cardiac muscle
2. Smooth muscle
3. Skeletal muscle
4. Visceral muscle

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction was proposed by:

1. Darwin and Wallace
2. Huxley and Hanson
3. Watson and Crick
4. Mendel and Morgan

Which ion is essential for initiating muscle contraction?

1. Sodium
2. Potassium
3. Calcium
4. Chloride

The functional unit of skeletal muscle is:

1. Neuron
2. Myofibril
3. Sarcomere
4. Tendon

The contractile protein primarily responsible for muscle contraction is:

1. Keratin
2. Collagen
3. Actin and Myosin
4. Elastin

Which of the following best distinguishes locomotion from movement?

1. Locomotion occurs only in plants, while movement occurs only in animals.
2. Locomotion is a change in the position of the entire organism, whereas movement may involve only a part of the body.
3. Movement always requires muscles, whereas locomotion does not.
4. Both terms have exactly the same meaning.