Evolution

Which of the following conditions is essential for maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

1. Natural selection should continuously favor dominant alleles.
2. Mutation should occur frequently.
3. The population should be very large and mating should be random.
4. Migration should continuously introduce new alleles.

The wings of birds and insects are examples of:

1. Homologous organs
2. Vestigial organs
3. Analogous organs
4. Rudimentary organs

Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting organic evolution?

1. Similar food habits
2. Fossil records
3. Similar body size
4. Similar lifespan

The first organisms that appeared on Earth are believed to have been:

1. Multicellular eukaryotes
2. Autotrophic plants
3. Unicellular prokaryotes
4. Amphibians

Which one of the following statements best explains adaptive radiation?

1. Evolution of unrelated organisms showing similar adaptations.
2. Evolution of different species from a common ancestor to occupy different ecological niches.
3. Sudden appearance of new species due to mutations only.
4. Elimination of all recessive alleles from a population.

The phenomenon in which a small population becomes isolated from the original population and establishes a new population with different allele frequencies is known as:

1. Adaptive radiation
2. Founder effect
3. Convergent evolution
4. Artificial selection

Which of the following is considered the "connecting link" between reptiles and birds?

1. Archaeopteryx
2. Peripatus
3. Lungfish
4. Duck-billed platypus

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which of the following factors will disturb genetic equilibrium?

1. Random mating only
2. Mutation
3. Large population size
4. Absence of migration

The theory of inheritance of acquired characters was proposed by:

1. Charles Darwin
2. Hugo de Vries
3. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
4. Alfred Wallace

Which of the following correctly distinguishes homologous organs from analogous organs?

1. Homologous organs have different origin but similar function.
2. Analogous organs have the same origin but different functions.
3. Homologous organs have the same origin but may perform different functions.
4. Both homologous and analogous organs have the same origin and function.

Industrial melanism observed in the peppered moth is considered an example of:

1. Genetic drift
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Natural selection
4. Artificial selection

Which of the following structures provides the strongest evidence for divergent evolution?

1. Wings of birds and insects
2. Flippers of whales and fins of fishes
3. Forelimbs of humans, whales, bats, and horses
4. Eyes of octopus and humans

The "Big Bang Theory" primarily explains:

1. Origin of species
2. Origin of life
3. Origin of the universe
4. Origin of modern humans

Which scientist proposed the theory of natural selection as the primary mechanism of evolution?

1. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
2. Hugo de Vries
3. Charles Darwin
4. Thomas Malthus

According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of allele A is 0.7 and the frequency of allele a is 0.3, what will be the expected frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa) in the population?

1. 0.09
2. 0.21
3. 0.42
4. 0.49

The process of evolution

1. Is a continuous process
2. Is a discontinuous process
3. Was continuous in the beginning but discontinuous now
4. Was discontinuous in the beginning but continuous now

Select the false statement about Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus and Australopithecus

1. Only (ii): Ramapithecus was more man like
2. Statements (ii) and (iii) are false
3. Only (iv): Australopithecus lived in east Africa probably 3-4 mya
4. None of the above

Skull A and Skull B in diagram: which accurately describes the differences?

1. Skull A has more teeth than skull B
2. Skull A has more brain capacity than skull B
3. Skull A is of a human and skull B is of an ape
4. Skull A is of an ape and skull B is of human

Ancestor of man who first stood erect was

1. Australopithecus
2. Java ape man
3. Peking man
4. Cro-magnon

In Homo habilis, 'habilis' refer to

1. Wandering man
2. Modern man
3. Ancient man
4. Tool maker

Mammals occur on land, air and water. It is

1. Adaptive radiation
2. Microevolution
3. Convergent evolution
4. Adaptation

Which of the following eras corresponds to the period when life had not organized upon the earth?

1. Azoic
2. Palaezoic
3. Mesozoic
4. Archaezoic

Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Australopithecus had large brain around 900 cc
2. Neanderthal man lived in east Africa and ate fruits
3. Homo erectus had brain capacity of 900 cc
4. Homo sapiens arose in central Asia and moved to other continents

Study of human evolution is called

1. Archaeology
2. Anthropology
3. Pedigree analysis
4. Chronobiology

Identify A, B, C and D in geological time scale figure

1. A-Cretaceous, B-Jurassic, C-Permian, D-Carboniferous
2. A-Cretaceous, B-Permian, C-Jurassic, D-Carboniferous
3. A-Cretaceous, B-Permian, C-Jurassic, D-Cretaceous
4. A-Cretaceous, B-Triassic, C-Tertiary, D-Carboniferous

The land reptile which went back into water to evolve into fish like reptiles

1. Around 250 mya e.g. Ichthyosaurs
2. Around 300 mya e.g. Therapsids
3. Around 200 mya e.g. Ichthyosaurs
4. Around 150 mya e.g. Therapsids

The dinosaurs which had three horns on the head and a collared neck

1. Tyrannosaurus
2. Triceratops
3. Stegosaurus
4. Brachiosaurus

The character that proves that frogs have evolved from fishes is

1. Their ability to swim in water
2. Tadpole larva in frogs
3. Similarity in the shape of the head
4. Their feeding on aquatic plants

Fishes with stout and strong fins could move on land and go back to water. This phase of evolution occurred about

1. 350 mya
2. 200 mya
3. 65 mya
4. 150 mya

Disruptive selection usually acts to favour

1. Both extreme forms of a trait
2. Intermediate forms of a trait
3. Environmental differences
4. One extreme form over the other extreme forms and over intermediate forms

When a population decimated by earthquake leaves only brown-eyed people. This kind of change in gene pool is called as

1. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
2. Blocked gene flow
3. Bottleneck effect
4. Founder effect

Genetic drift operates in

1. Large isolated population
2. Small isolated population
3. Fast reproductive population
4. Slow reproductive population

Founder effect

1. Is the loss of genetic variation in a population
2. Occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a population
3. Occurs when small group of migrants establishes in a new area
4. All of the above

The Hardy-Weinberg principle cannot operate if

1. A population does not migrate for a long time to a new habitat
2. Frequent mutations occurs in the population
3. The population has no chance of interaction with other population
4. Free interbreeding occurs among all members of the population

Analogous structures are a result of

1. Stabilizing selection
2. Divergent evolution
3. Convergent evolution
4. Shared ancestry

Match column I with column II (Saltation-Hugo de Vries, Chemical evolution-Oparin & Haldane, Reproductive fitness-Darwin, Life from pre-existing life-Pasteur)

1. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)
2. A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)
3. A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(iv)
4. A-(i), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(ii)

The example(s) of allopatric speciation is

1. Darwin's finches having different feeding habits in the Galapagos islands
2. Isolation of Australian marsupials
3. Both (A) & (B)
4. Different types of polyploids formed from a species within the same geographical location

Single step mutation leading to speciation is also called

1. Founder effect
2. Saltation
3. Branching descent
4. Natural selection

Who proposed that long neck of Giraffes evolved due to foraging of leaves on tall trees?

1. Lamarck
2. Darwin
3. Malthus
4. Aristotle

Flying squirrel and flying phalanger show

1. Divergent evolution
2. Convergent evolution
3. Adaptive radiation
4. Both (A) & (C)

The greatest evolutionary change enabling the land vertebrates to be completely free from water was the development of

1. Four legs
2. Lungs
3. Shelled eggs and internal fertilization
4. Four chambered heart

Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other geographical area is known as

1. Adaptive radiation
2. Natural selection
3. Migration
4. Divergent evolution

Process when more than one adaptive radiation occurs in a single geological place is

1. Divergent evolution
2. Convergent evolution
3. Saltation
4. Over production

Placental mammals in Australia appear 'similar' to a corresponding marsupial. This is a case of

1. Adaptive radiation and divergent evolution
2. Adaptive radiation and convergent evolution
3. Divergent evolution
4. Anthropogenic evolution

Wings of mosquito and bat show

1. Atavism
2. Mutation
3. Divergent evolution
4. Convergent evolution

Given figure shows an example of (Bougainvillea thorns and Cucurbita tendrils)

1. Homologous organs
2. Convergent evolution
3. Divergent evolution
4. Both (A) & (C)

Evolution is not

1. A stochastic process
2. Based on chance events in nature
3. Based on chance mutation in the organisms
4. Directed process in the sense of determinism

Fossils are generally found in

1. Sedimentary rocks
2. Igneous rocks
3. Metamorphic rocks
4. None of the above

Evolutionary convergence is characterized by

1. Development of dissimilar characteristics in closely related groups
2. Development of common set of characteristics in groups of different ancestry
3. Development of characteristics by random mating
4. Replacement of common characteristics in different groups

Coacervates are

1. Protobionts with proteins, polysaccharides and water
2. Inorganic salt aggregates
3. Bilayered lipid with colloidal protein
4. Prokaryotic cells

Theory of Panspermia was proposed by

1. Miller
2. Oparin
3. Pasteur
4. Arrhenius

Energy to break water into H2 and O2 came from ______ on early earth

1. UV rays
2. Infrared rays
3. Volcanic eruptions
4. Microwave rays

Who proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules?

1. S.L. Miller
2. Oparin and Haldane
3. Charles Darwin
4. Alfred Wallace

A single huge explosion unimaginable in physical terms. This is related to

1. Stellar distances
2. Nebular Hypothesis
3. Big Bang theory
4. None of the above

Earth was formed ______ billion years back

1. 4.5
2. 5.5
3. 3.5
4. 1.5