Environment and Sustainable Development

Why is environmental conservation important for sustainable development?

1. It slows economic progress permanently.
2. It ensures the availability of natural resources for present and future generations while supporting economic growth.
3. It discourages industrial innovation.
4. It increases pollution levels.

Which of the following best explains the concept of carrying capacity?

1. Maximum number of industries in a region
2. Maximum population or activity that an environment can sustain without degradation
3. Total mineral reserves available in a country
4. Number of vehicles in a city

What is the primary objective of environmental impact assessment (EIA)?

1. To increase industrial production at any cost
2. To evaluate the environmental effects of proposed development projects before implementation
3. To promote only mining activities
4. To reduce agricultural productivity

Which practice helps conserve water in agriculture?

1. Flood irrigation only
2. Drip irrigation
3. Excessive groundwater extraction
4. Burning crop residues

Which of the following is a major environmental problem associated with rapid industrialization?

1. Increased biodiversity
2. Air and water pollution
3. Higher forest cover
4. Improved soil fertility

Which gas is mainly responsible for ozone layer depletion?

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
3. Nitrogen
4. Oxygen

Which of the following is an example of sustainable agriculture?

1. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers
2. Organic farming
3. Burning crop residues regularly
4. Continuous monocropping without soil conservation

What is biodiversity?

1. Variety of different living organisms in an ecosystem
2. Quantity of minerals in the Earth
3. Amount of rainfall received annually
4. Number of industries in a country

Which of the following is a non-renewable natural resource?

1. Wind energy
2. Solar energy
3. Coal
4. Hydroelectric power

Which international conference popularized the concept of sustainable development?

1. Bretton Woods Conference
2. Brundtland Commission Report
3. Kyoto Protocol
4. Montreal Protocol

Which of the following is the major cause of global warming?

1. Increased use of renewable energy
2. Emission of greenhouse gases
3. Rainwater harvesting
4. Organic farming

Which environmental function involves absorbing waste generated by economic activities?

1. Resource supply function
2. Assimilation function
3. Aesthetic function
4. Production function

Which of the following is a renewable natural resource?

1. Coal
2. Petroleum
3. Solar energy
4. Natural gas

Which of the following best defines sustainable development?

1. Development that focuses only on industrial growth
2. Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
3. Development that ignores environmental protection
4. Development that depends entirely on non-renewable resources

What is meant by the environment in economics?

1. Only forests and wildlife
2. The total surroundings consisting of natural and human-made resources that support life and economic activities
3. Only the atmosphere
4. Only rivers and oceans