Biotechnology and Its Applications

Which of the following is the correctly matched pair?

1. Bt cotton — Resistance against cotton bollworm
2. Golden Rice — High protein content
3. ADA deficiency — Caused by insulin deficiency
4. RNA interference — Increases gene expression

The Cry genes used in Bt cotton are named so because they produce:

1. Crystalline proteins
2. Circular RNA
3. Cytoplasmic ribosomes
4. Chlorophyll pigments

Which one of the following is NOT an advantage of genetically modified (GM) crops?

1. Increased resistance to insect pests
2. Reduced dependence on chemical pesticides
3. Improved nutritional quality
4. Elimination of the need for irrigation in agriculture

The genetically engineered insulin produced by Eli Lilly is commercially known as:

1. Novolin
2. Humulin
3. Insulatin
4. Genulin

Which of the following statements regarding gene therapy is correct?

1. It involves replacing defective genes with functional genes to treat genetic disorders.
2. It is used only for treating bacterial infections.
3. It permanently changes all cells of the body after a single treatment.
4. It involves only the administration of antibiotics.

The main advantage of Bt cotton over conventional cotton is that it:

1. Requires no irrigation.
2. Produces edible seeds.
3. Is resistant to certain insect pests, reducing the need for chemical insecticides.
4. Grows without fertilizers.

Which of the following is an example of gene therapy mentioned in NCERT?

1. Treatment of malaria
2. Treatment of diabetes using insulin
3. Treatment of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
4. Treatment of tuberculosis

The Bt toxin becomes active only after:

1. It enters the acidic stomach of humans.
2. It is activated in the alkaline gut of susceptible insect larvae.
3. It is exposed to sunlight.
4. It combines with plant chlorophyll.

The nematode controlled through RNA interference (RNAi) technology in NCERT is:

1. Ascaris lumbricoides
2. Meloidogyne incognita
3. Wuchereria bancrofti
4. Taenia solium

Golden Rice was genetically engineered primarily to overcome the deficiency of:

1. Vitamin C
2. Vitamin A
3. Vitamin D
4. Iron

RNA interference (RNAi) technology is mainly used to:

1. Increase the chromosome number
2. Silence the expression of specific genes
3. Produce antibiotics
4. Accelerate DNA replication

The first genetically engineered human hormone produced commercially using recombinant DNA technology was:

1. Insulin
2. Growth hormone
3. Thyroxine
4. Adrenaline

Which one of the following proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to insect larvae?

1. Albumin
2. Cry protein
3. Casein
4. Keratin

The Bt gene used to develop insect-resistant cotton is obtained from:

1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
2. Bacillus thuringiensis
3. Rhizobium leguminosarum
4. Escherichia coli

The primary objective of producing genetically modified (GM) crops is to:

1. Increase the number of chromosomes in plants
2. Introduce desirable traits such as pest resistance and improved nutritional quality
3. Reduce the size of plant cells
4. Eliminate photosynthesis in plants