Biodiversity and Conservation

Which of the following statements is correct regarding biodiversity conservation?

1. Conservation is important only for economically useful species.
2. Biodiversity has ecological, economic, ethical, aesthetic, and scientific importance.
3. Ex situ conservation is always better than in situ conservation.
4. National Parks permit unrestricted human activities.

According to the Rivet Popper Hypothesis proposed by Paul Ehrlich, the extinction of species may eventually lead to:

1. Increased ecosystem stability
2. Collapse of ecosystem functioning if too many species are lost
3. Unlimited increase in biodiversity
4. Formation of new ecosystems immediately

Which of the following is NOT an example of in situ conservation?

1. National Park
2. Wildlife Sanctuary
3. Seed Bank
4. Biosphere Reserve

The concept that ecosystems provide humans with services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, climate regulation, and soil formation is known as:

1. Ecological succession
2. Ecosystem services
3. Adaptive radiation
4. Resource partitioning

The Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas are internationally recognized as:

1. Ramsar sites
2. Biodiversity hotspots
3. Biosphere reserves only
4. National parks

Which of the following statements correctly explains co-extinction?

1. Extinction caused only by climate change.
2. Simultaneous extinction of two or more unrelated species due to competition.
3. Extinction of one species following the extinction of another closely associated species.
4. Extinction caused by excessive hunting alone.

Which of the following protected areas is specifically designed to conserve biodiversity while allowing sustainable use by local communities?

1. Botanical Garden
2. Biosphere Reserve
3. Gene Bank
4. Seed Bank

Which one of the following is an example of ex situ conservation?

1. National Park
2. Wildlife Sanctuary
3. Botanical Garden
4. Biosphere Reserve

The IUCN Red List primarily provides information about:

1. Soil fertility
2. Threatened and endangered species
3. Weather forecasting
4. Agricultural productivity

Which of the following is known as the "Evil Quartet" responsible for biodiversity loss?

1. Pollution, urbanization, mining, and tourism
2. Habitat loss, over-exploitation, alien species invasion, and co-extinctions
3. Climate change, floods, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions
4. Deforestation, drought, soil erosion, and desertification

Which of the following is an example of endemism?

1. Species naturally found only in a particular geographical region
2. Species found throughout the world
3. Migratory bird species
4. Domesticated crop plants

The species-area relationship was quantitatively described by:

1. Charles Darwin
2. Alexander von Humboldt
3. Robert May
4. Ernst Haeckel

Which of the following countries is recognized as one of the 12 megadiversity countries mentioned in NCERT?

1. India
2. Nepal
3. Pakistan
4. Bangladesh

According to Alexander von Humboldt, species richness generally:

1. Decreases from the poles towards the equator
2. Increases from the equator towards the poles
3. Remains constant throughout the Earth
4. Is highest in desert ecosystems

Which of the following correctly defines biodiversity?

1. The total number of organisms present in a habitat
2. The variety and variability of living organisms at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels
3. The study of interactions between organisms and the environment
4. The total biomass present in an ecosystem