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Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity?

After 1830, the Company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely in its domain and even own land and property. In 1850, a new law was passed to make the conversion to Christianity easier. This law allowed an Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit the property of his ancestors. Many Indians began to feel that the British were destroying their religion, their social customs and their traditional way of life.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British?

Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of Jhansi. She had adopted a son. Hence, she wanted her son to be the ruler of Jhansi. However, according to Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse policy, an adopted heir would not be allowed to acquire the kingdom once the father died, and the same would be annexed by the British. Hence, Rani Lakshmibai’s demand to recognise her adopted son as the male heir of the kingdom was refused by the British.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Discuss those developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan.

The developments of 1937-47, which led to the creation of Pakistan, are given below: A two-nation theory – Initially the Muslim league never mentioned Pakistan to be the nation of Muslims however; since the 1930s, it started demanding a separate country for Muslims. Provincial elections of 1937 – The elections were a decisive factor for Muslim league to decide that Muslims are a minority in India and they have to h

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?

The Salt March related the general desire of freedom to a specific grievance shared by everybody and thus did not divide the rich and the poor. Hence, in 1930, Gandhiji declared that he would lead a march to break the salt law.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Discuss the various forms that the Non-Cooperation Movement took in different parts of India. How did people understand Gandhiji?

Different places in the country showed different reactions, given below: At Kheda in Gujarat, Patidar peasants organised nonviolent campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the British. In coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu, liquor shops were picketed. In the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants staged a number of “forest satyagraha”, sometimes sending

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?

In the fight for swaraj, the radicals advocated mass mobilisation and boycott of British institutions and goods. Some individuals also began to suggest that “revolutionary violence” would be necessary to overthrow British rule. Moderates, on the other hand, wanted to follow the rules, the laws and the order posed by the British. They followed the ‘practise of prayers’ which the radicals totally opposed

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?

The Moderate leaders wanted to develop public awareness about the unjust nature of British rule. They published newspapers, wrote articles and showed how British rule was leading to the economic ruin of the country. They criticised British rule in their speeches and sent representatives to different parts of the country to mobilise public support. They felt that the British had respect for the ideals of freedom and justice and so would accept the just demands of Indians. What was nece

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?

In 1940 the Muslim League had moved a resolution demanding “Independent States” for Muslims in the north-western and eastern areas of the country. The resolution did not mention partition or Pakistan.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What economic impact did the First World War have on India?

The First World War altered the economic and political situation in India. It led to a huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India. The government, in turn, increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits. Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices, which created great difficulties for the common people. On the other hand, business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war. The first world war caused a

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?

The Congress was composed of the representatives, not of any one class or community of India, but of all the different communities of India. Hence, the party wished to speak for the masses in the fight for freedom.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?

People were dissatisfied with British rule because of the following reasons: British were exercising control over the resources of India British were attempting to control the lives of its people and until this control ended, India could not be for Indians. The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms. The Vernacular Press Act was also enacted i

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in police reports?

Answer. The nature of the information that historians get from old newspapers and police reports can be entirely different. Typically, a historian collects information from a wide variety of sources that includes both official and unofficial documents. The police report comes from an administrative viewpoint, and the types of details that we can obtain from them are often restricted. A police report is strictly confined to the procedures and is concerned with record-keeping, r

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

. Why did the British preserve official documents?

The British preserved official documents because they thought if they wrote and recorded everything, it would later be easier for them to study them and debate. They kept official records of what they thought was right so that in the future, those records could serve as proof of all the decisions that they had taken.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What is the problem with the periodisation of Indian history that James Mill offers?

The problem with the periodisation of Indian History that James Mill offers is the superiority of the British shown over Hindus and Muslims. James Mill has divided Indian History into three periods – Hindu, Muslim and British, claiming that it was necessary to introduce European manners, arts, institutions and laws in India. James Mill’s views have several defects given below: He thought that all Asian societies were at a lower level of civilisation when com

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

State whether true or false: (a) James Mill divided Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim, Christian. (b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think. (c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration.

Answer. (a) False (b) False (c) True

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the Company’s army.

The army of EIC was known as Sepoy Army. The main participants of the army were the peasants of India, trained by the EIC to become professional soldiers. The major change in the EIC army was the domination of infantry over cavalry with the introduction of muskets, matchlocks to guard them. The company also introduced a uniform military culture where soldiers were given European training through drills and other exercises.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

In what way was the administration of the Company different from that of Indian rulers?

The difference in the administration of the company and that of the Indian rulers is given below: Company Administration Indian Rulers Administration The company divided the territories into presidencies Indian rulers divided the territories into district, pargana, tehsil and parishad<

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Explain the system of “subsidiary alliance”.

The system of the subsidiary alliance made Indian rulers let go of their armed forces and come under the protection of the East India Company. The following changes occurred when this system came into being: The East India Company became the guardian of the territories that it took under the alliance An English resident, who served as the EIC&rsquo;s personnel, was appointed in the territory to keep a check on the ruler</str

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?

Diwani rights are the rights that the British acquired to collect their own revenues and have the authority to decide on civil cases. This right benefited the East India Company in several ways: It allowed the Company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal The monopoly of the East India Company on trade started Revenue of Bengal was used to export Indian goods out of the country

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company?

After the first British factory was set up in 1651 on the banks of the river Hugli, the East India company started allowing more of its merchants and traders to visit and settle down in the city of Bengal. The reasons that caused the conflicts between Bengal nawabs and East India Company were: Nawabs denied concessions to the East India Company on many occasions Nawabs also demanded large tributes from the company</

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