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HistoryClass 6All

What was the name given to the large land owners in the Tamil region?

Answer: Large landowners in the Tamil region were called vellalar.

HistoryClass 6All

What were Yajnas according to the Rigveda?

Ans: Yajnas were sacrifices in which offerings, mainly wealth obtained during the battles, were made into the fire. These were meant for gods and goddesses. Offerings could include ghee, grain, and in some cases animals.

HistoryClass 6All

What are the features of the megaliths?

During the archaeological excavations, megaliths are found in a circle of stone boulders or a single large stone standing on the ground. These are the indications that there are burials beneath. Generally the dead were buried with distinctive pots, which are called Black and Red Ware. Some tools and weapons of iron and skeletons of horses, horse equipments and ornaments of stone and gold were buried along with the dead. Sometimes Megaliths contain more than one skeleton. It reflects that some time people belonging to the same family were buried in the same place in different time.

HistoryClass 6All

What are megaliths?

Megaliths are stone boulders and it literally means big stones. The stone boulders were carefully arranged by people, and were used to mark burial sites. According to archaeologists, the practice of erecting megaliths began about 3000 years ago, and was prevalent throughout the Deccan, south India, in the north-east and Kashmir.

HistoryClass 6All

Write a note on the special megalith burial at Inamgaon.

Inamgaon is situated on the river Ghod, a tributary of the Bhima, where archaeologists have found a megalith site and it has been described as special and different from other burial sites, because here adults were generally buried in the ground. The dead bodies were laid out straight, with the head towards the north. Sometimes burials were within the houses. Vessels that probably contained food and water were placed with the dead. One man was found buried in a large, four legged clay jar in the courtyard of a five –roomed house (one of the largest houses at the site), in the centre of settlement. This house also had a granary. The body was placed in a cross legged position.

HistoryClass 6All

What are the evidences available to know about the occupations and food habit of people at Inamgaon?

There are some strong archaeological evidences found during excavations. Archaeologists have found seeds of wheat, barely, rice, pulses, millets, peas and sesame. Theses seeds are ample evidences to prove that those were either cultivated or used for as food. Apart from seeds, bones of a number of animals, many bearing cut marks that show they may have been used as food, have also been found. These include cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, dog, horse, ass, pig, sambhar, spotted deer, blackbuck, antelope, hare, crab and fish. There is evidence that fruits such as ber , amla,jamun, dates and a variety of berries were collected.

HistoryClass 6All

How are people described in the Rigveda?

Ans: People are described in the Rigveda in terms of the work they do, the language they speak, the place they belong. There are two groups who are described in terms of their work- the priests, sometimes called brahmins, who performed various rituals and the rajas. Apart from these there are many terms such as jana and vish used to describe people. jana and vish: Two words were used to describe the people or the community as a whole. One was the word Jana. The other was vish. The word vaishya comes from vish. Several vish or jana are mentioned by name, such as the Puru jana or vish, and the Bharata jana. Aryas andDasas or Dasyus: The people who composed the hymns described themselves as Aryas and called their opponents Dasas or Dasyus. These were people who did not perform sacrifices, and probably spoke different languages. Later, the term dasa (dasi for feminine) came to mean slave. Slaves were women and men who were often captured in war. They were treated as the property of their owners who could make them do work they wanted.

HistoryClass 6All

What does the Rigveda tell about battles?

Ans: According to the Rigveda, Battles were fought to capture cattle, for land which was important for pasture, and for growing hardy crops. Some battles were fought for water, and to capture people. The wealth obtained by the war was kept by the leaders, some was given to the priests and the rest was distributed amongst the people. Some wealth was used for the performance of Yajnas or sacrifices in which offerings were made into the fire. Most men took part in these wars. There was no regular army, but there were assemblies where people met and discussed matters of war and peace. They also chose leaders, who were often brave and skilful warriors.

HistoryClass 6All

Describe the following term.

Ans:(i) Dravidian (language) family: This language family comprises of languages such as Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam. These languages are spoken in the southern part of India.

HistoryClass 6All

What do you mean by Indo-European languages?

Ans: It is a family of languages comprising of Indian language such as Sanskrit, Assamese, Gujarati, Hindi, Kashmiri and Sindhi, and many European languages such as English, French, German, Greek, Italian and Spanish. These languages are known so because they are from the same family of languages and had words in common.

HistoryClass 6All

Who composed hymns of the Rigveda and what are its characteristics?

Ans: The hymns of the Rigveda were composed by sages (rishis). Priests taught students to recite and memorise each syllable, word, and sentence, with great care. Most of the hymns were composed, taught and learnt by men. A few were composed by women.

HistoryClass 6All

Write a note on the Rigveda.

Ans: The Rigveda is the one of the oldest books in the world. It includes more than a thousand hymns, called sukta or “well said”. The hymns are in praise of various gods and goddesses. It talks about three important gods- Agni, the god of fire, Indra, a warrior god, and Soma, a plant form which a special drink was prepared.

HistoryClass 6All

How many Vedas are there?

Ans: There are four Vedas- the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda.

HistoryClass 6All

Manuscripts dealt in which subjects and were written in which languages?

Answer: Manuscripts were written on palm leaf and bark of birch tree. They are available in different types. They comprise various themes, textures, scripts, languages and illustrations. Manuscripts were written in varied subjects such as, religious beliefs and practices, the lives of kings, medicine and science. Besides, there were epics, poems, musical dance dramas and plays. Major manuscripts were written in Sanskrit language while others were written in Prakrit, Telugu and Tamil.

HistoryClass 6All

Why historians and archaeologists are like detectives who use various sources to study about our past?

Answer: Archaeologists and historians are scholars who study things that were made and used in the past through the process of excavation. Manuscripts, inscriptions, tools, coins, monuments are the source of information used by these scholars to know about the past of the people. Once these sources are found, learning about the past becomes an adventure, and gradually history is reconstructed. That is why historians and archaeologists are like detectives, who use various sources to study about our past.

HistoryClass 6All

What are inscriptions and what were they used for?

Answer: Inscriptions are engravings on relatively hard surface such as stone or metal. They are important sources of chronology. Many a times, kings used these inscriptions to usually record Grants of land, Lists of royal lineage, Their orders so that people could see, read and obey them, and Victories in battle.

HistoryClass 6All

Why did the people travel from one part of the subcontinent to another?

Answer: People travelled from one part of the subcontinent to another due to various reasons such as: In search of livelihood, men and women were on a constant move. To escape natural disasters like floods and famines, people regularly moved to other lands. At time to conquer other lands, men marched in armies. Driven by the spirit of adventure, some people travelled to distant new and exciting lands. Merchants and traders travelled in caravans or ships, carrying their valuable goods from one commercial town to other.

HistoryClass 6All

What is an important difference between a manuscript and an inscription?

Answer: An important difference between an inscription and a manuscript is the surface on which they are written. Inscriptions are engravings on hard surfaces while manuscripts are hand written books, which are usually written on palm leaves or the bark of a tree.

HistoryClass 6All

How do we know a great deal about the kings and the battles they fought?

Answer: We know a great deal about the kings and the battles they fought because they kept records of what they did, such as, about their lives, victories, marriages, coronation to the throne etc.

HistoryClass 6All

Which objects from the past usually survive for a long time?

Answer: Objects that are made of hard, imperishable material survive for a long time. Tools, weapons, ornaments, coins made of stone, bone or metal have survived and give valuable information of the past.

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