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ScienceClass 10CBSE

Explain Flavr Savr tomato

Flavr Savr tomato is a genetically modified tomato with delayed ripening and longer shelf life.The Flavr Savr Tomato:Flavr Savr tomato – genetically modified tomatoDNA – genetic material modified to control ripeningSyringe or injection</st

ScienceClass 10CBSE

We breathe with the help of our ________.

We breathe with the help of our lungs. Lungs are important body organs inside our chest that help us take in air and breathe out used air.When we breathe in, air enters our body through the nose and reaches the lungs. Breathing gives our body the oxygen it needs to work, play, run, and stay active.

ScienceClass 10CBSE

What is hybridization? What are its types, with an example?

Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals in an atom to form new, equivalent orbitals that are better suited for forming chemical bonds. It explains the shape of molecules.Types:TypeOrbitals MixedShapeExample</

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Lactobacillus benefits

Makes curd/yoghurt/cheese, produces lactic acid, maintains gut microbiome, boosts immunity, supports vaginal health, reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Classified as GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe).

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Are all bacteria harmful?

False most are neutral or beneficial

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Is it a type of bacteria?

True Gram-positive, rod-shaped, Firmicutes phylum

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Is Lactobacillus harmful?

False it is beneficial (probiotic)

ScienceClass 10CBSE

10 Examples of Shrubs

Rose, Hibiscus (Gudhal), Jasmine, Tulsi (Holy Basil), Henna (Mehndi), Bougainvillea, Lantana, Croton, Azalea, OleanderA shrub is identified by: woody stem + multiple stems from base + height 0.5–6 m + perennial lifespanShrub-tree examples: Pomegranate, Oleander, Curry Leaf Plant, Bottle Brush (Callistemon) plants that can grow as large shrubs or small trees.

ScienceClass 10CBSE

How bleaching powder is made

Ca(OH)₂ + Cl₂ → CaOCl₂ + H₂O (Slaked lime + Chlorine gas at ~40°C → Bleaching powder) Uses of bleaching powder:Bleaching agent for cotton, linen, wood pulp (textile & paper industries)Disinfectant for drinking water, swimming pools, sewage<li data-list-item-id="ec6efc5727b37ba623b7bbb6e9901

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Is milk a type of colloid?

Milk is a liquid-state colloid specifically an oil-in-water emulsion:Dispersed phase: Fat globules (liquid)Dispersion medium: Aqueous solution (water + lactose + proteins)Stabiliser: Casein protein (emulsifier)<li data-list-item-id=

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Is milk matter?

Yes it has mass and occupies space. It is a liquid-state heterogeneous mixture (colloid), not a state of matter itself.

ScienceClass 10CBSE

While humans have chromosomal sex determination, some organisms exhibit environmental sex determination. Give an example of an organism where sex is determined by environmental factors and briefly explain how it works.

An example of an organism where sex is determined by environmental factors is the green sea turtle (and many other reptile species like crocodiles and alligators). In green sea turtles, the sex of the hatchlings is determined by the temperature at which the eggs are incubated during a critical period of embryonic development. This phenomenon is known as Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination (TSD). High Incubation Temperatures: Typically produce female offspring.

ScienceClass 10CBSE

In a dihybrid cross, if the F1 generation has genotype RrYy, what proportion of gametes produced by this F1 individual will carry the alleles 'RY'? Justify your answer based on Mendel's laws.

The F1 individual has the genotype RrYy. According to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, the alleles for different genes (in this case, R/r for seed shape and Y/y for seed color) assort independently of each other during gamete formation. This means that the segregation of R and r is independent of the segregation of Y and y. For the 'R' gene, the individual Rr will produce gametes with 'R' and 'r' alleles in equal proportions (1/2 R, 1/2 r). For the 'Y' gene, the individual Yy will prod

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Compare the amount of variation generated in a population through asexual reproduction versus sexual reproduction. Which mode of reproduction is more advantageous for evolution and why?

Variation in Asexual Reproduction: Asexual reproduction typically involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring (clones). Variations in asexually reproducing organisms arise primarily due to random mutations during DNA replication. The rate of mutation is generally low, so the amount of variation generated in a population through asexual reproduction is very limited. Variation in Sexual Reproduction: Sexual reproduction involv

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Mendel used several contrasting characters in his pea plant experiments. List any four such contrasting characters and explain why pea plants were a good choice for his experiments.

Four contrasting characters Mendel studied in pea plants: 1. Stem Height: Tall vs. Dwarf 2. Seed Shape: Round vs. Wrinkled 3. Seed Color: Yellow vs. Green 4. Pod Shape: Inflated vs. Constricted 5. Pod Color: Green vs. Yellow 6. Flower Color: Purple vs. White 7. Flower Position: Axial vs. Terminal Reasons why pea plants were a good choice for Mendel's experiments: 1. Easily Cultivat

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Why is variation important for the survival of a species, especially in changing environmental conditions? Illustrate with an example.

Variation is crucial for the survival of a species because it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon, allowing populations to adapt to changing environmental conditions.If all individuals in a population were genetically identical, a sudden change in the environment (e.g., a new disease, climate change, or a new predator) could potentially wipe out the entire species if no individual possessed a trait that allowed them to survive the change. With variation, some in

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Distinguish between acquired and inherited traits with two examples for each. Why are acquired traits generally not passed on to the next generation?

Acquired Traits: These are characteristics that an individual develops during its lifetime due to environmental influences, experiences, or lifestyle choices. They are not encoded in the organism's DNA and therefore cannot be passed on to offspring. Examples: 1. A person developing strong muscles through weightlifting. 2. A scar resulting from an injury. 3. Learning to play a musical instrument. 4. A

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Describe the chromosomal mechanism of sex determination in humans. What are the possible combinations of chromosomes in the gametes produced by males and females, and how do these combinations lead to male or female offspring?

In humans, sex determination is primarily chromosomal, involving two sex chromosomes: X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). Gamete Production: Females (XX): During meiosis, females produce only one type of gamete (egg) with respect to sex chromosomes, which always carries an X chromosome. Males (XY): During meiosis, males produce two types of gametes

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Differentiate between Mendel's Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment. Explain each law with a suitable example from pea plant crosses.

Mendel's Law of Segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) from each other such that each gamete carries only one allele for that character. When the egg and sperm unite, they bring together two alleles for each character.For example, in a monohybrid cross involving pea plants for stem height (Tall 'T' and dwarf 't'), a heterozygous parent (Tt) will produce gametes where 50% carry the 'T' allele and 50% carry

ScienceClass 10CBSE

Explain the concept of 'accumulation of variations' in a population during sexual reproduction, and how it contributes to evolution. Provide an example.

Accumulation of variations refers to the gradual build-up of small differences in traits within a population over generations. In sexual reproduction, variations arise due to processes like crossing over during meiosis, independent assortment of chromosomes, and random fertilization. Each new offspring inherits a unique combination of genes from its parents, leading to slight variations in their characteristics. These small, individual variations, when passed down and compounded o

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