What are the steps of blood clotting and the role of coagulation factors?

Blood clotting occurs via two pathways intrinsic and extrinsic both leading to the activation of factor X. Activated factor X (Xa) with factor Va, platelet phospholipids, and calcium converts prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin monomers, which polymerize into a fibrin clot. Factor XIII stabilizes the clot by forming cross-linked fibrin.