How does the cardiac conduction system control heartbeats?

he heart’s conduction system consists of specialized tissue that initiates and transmits impulses for coordinated contraction. The SA node (pacemaker) starts the impulse, which travels through internodal pathways to the AV node, then the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers, causing ventricular contraction. This system allows the heart to beat without external innervation.