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Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

(i) Fort Gloster is located in (a) West Bengal (b) California (c) Gujarat

Answer: (a) West Bengal

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Why has the cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Answer: The warm and moist climate, proximity to the port, easy availability of raw materials and skilled labour helped in the rapid expansion of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?

Answer: Steel is called the backbone of modern industry because almost everything we use is either made of steel or has been made with machinery or tools made out of steel. The steel industry is basically the feeder industry, whose products are the raw materials for other industries.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

Answer: Setting up an industry leads to the development and growth of that location. The factors that affect the location of industries are the easy availability of raw materials and land, adequate supply of water and labour, access to power and transport, presence of markets and a good amount of capital. Sometimes, the government also provides incentives like subsidised power, lower transport cost and other infrastructural facilities. This is done to encourage industries to be established in economically backward areas.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Complete the sentences below using some of the following words. (sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely) When people are attracted to an area, it becomes ………………….. populated. Factors that influence this include ………………….. climate, good supplies of ………………….. resources and ………………….. land.

Answer: When people are attracted to an area, it becomes densely populated. Factors that influence this include favourable climate, good supplies of natural resources and fertile land.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What is a population pyramid? (a) A graphical presentation of the age-sex composition of a population. (b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings. (c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas.

Answer (a) A graphical presentation of the age-sex composition of a population

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

In 1999, the world population reached (a) 1 billion (b) 3 billion (c) 6 billion

Answer (c) 6 billion

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Which are the three main factors that cause population change? (a) Births, deaths and marriage (b) Births, deaths and migration (c) Births, deaths and life expectancy

Answer (b) Births, deaths and migration.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Tick the correct answer. (i) What does the term ‘population distribution’ refer to? 1. How the population in a specified area changes over time. 2. The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area. 3. The way in which people are spread across a given area.

Answer (c) The way in which people are spread across a given area

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding the population of a country?

Answer: The graphical representation used to study the composition of a country’s population is called the population pyramid. It shows the total population divided into various age groups, the percentage of the total population subdivided into males and females and the number of dependents in a country. When the population of a country has high birth and death rates, the population pyramid is broad at the base and narrow towards the top.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.

Answer: Two factors influencing the change in population are the birth rate and death rate. The birth rate is the number of births per 1,000 people, and the death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people. Birth and death are the natural causes of population change. When the birth rate is more than the death rate, it means that the population is increasing and vice-versa. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country is called the natural growth rate.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

Answer: The world population has not been stable and has increased manifold due to advancements in science and technology. Science and technology have increased food production, and development in healthcare facilities has helped in reducing the death rate.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?

Answer: Population distribution in the world is uneven because of two factors, Geographical and Social. Geographical factors include Topography: People prefer living on plains rather than mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and service activities. The Ganga Plains are the most densely populated area in the world, while mountains like the Andes, Alps and Himalayas are sparsely populated. Water: People prefer living in areas where fresh water is easily available. The river valleys of the world are the densely populated regions, while deserts have a less population. Social factors include Social: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are more densely populated. (For example, Pune) Economic: Industrial areas provide employment opportunities. A large number of people are attracted to these areas. Osaka in Japan and Mumbai in India are two densely populated areas.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Why are people considered a resource?

Answer: People are the greatest resource of a nation. All other resources of nature become significant only when people extract their usefulness. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn them into resources. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Stalin’s collectivisation programme.

He began this programme in 1929. He believed this programme would help in improving grain supplies. All peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms called ‘Kolkhoz’. On the contrary, this worsened the food supply situation.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

The Liberals

They considered all religions as equal. They believed only men who have property had the right to vote They wanted an elected form of Parliamentary governance.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Women workers between 1900 and 1930

nswer: Their wages were less than the wages of men. They formed 31% of the factory workforce.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

The Duma

In 1905, Tsar allowed the creation of an elected consultative Parliament or Duma. The Tsar dismissed the first Duma within 75 days and re-elected the second Duma within three months. The Tsar did not want anyone to question his authority or undermine and reduce his powers. The Tsar changed the voting laws and packed the Third Duma with conservative politicians. Liberals and revolutionaries were kept out.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Write a few lines to show what you know about: Kulaks

Wealthy peasants who Stalin believed were hoarding the grains to gain more profit. When the towns faced acute shortage of grains, Kulaks were thought to be responsible for it. Stalin thought it was necessary to eliminate them so that farms could be modernised.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?

Industries and banks were nationalised by November 1917; Government took over ownership and management. The land was declared as a social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility. In the cities, Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family requirements. Old titles of the aristocracy were banned. New uniforms were designed for the army and officials. Bolshevik Party was renamed as the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) Bolsheviks conducted elections to the constituent assembly; however, they failed to attain the majority, Assembly rejected the Bolshevik measures, and Lenin dismissed the assembly. All Russian Congress of Soviets became Parliament of the country. Russia became a one-party state. Trade unions were kept under party control, the Secret Police punished anyone who criticised the Bolsheviks. Many young artists and writers continued to support the Party as it stood for Socialism. Many experiments were done in Arts and Architecture. But many artists were unhappy because of the censorship.

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