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Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Do you think the distribution of public facilities in our country is adequate and fair? Give an example of your own to explain.

Answer While there is no doubt that public facilities should be made available to all, in reality, we see that there is a great shortage of such facilities. The distribution of public facilities in our country is neither adequate nor fair. For example, the Delhites avail all public facilities like healthcare and sanitation, water, electricity, schools, colleges and public transport. But if we go to places a few kilometres away, such as Mathura or Aligarh, people have to face grave crises for these facilities. Water shortages and electricity cut-offs are part of the normal routine of life in those places. Public transport is also not properly developed. Compared to the metros and large cities, towns and villages are under-provided. Compared to wealthy localities, the poorer localities are under-serviced. Handing these facilities over to private companies is not an answer. The important fact is that every citizen of the country has a right to these facilities, which should be provided to all in an equitable manner.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Why are most of the private hospitals and private schools located in major cities and not in towns or rural areas?

Answer Most of the private schools and hospitals are located in the cities rather than in towns or villages. Since their sole motive is maximum profit, the services they offer are costly and affordable only to affluent dwellers in the city.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

How is the sale of water by farmers to water dealers in Chennai affecting the local people? Do you think local people can object to such exploitation of groundwater? Can the government do anything in this regard?

Answer: Due to the shortage of water, private companies have got an opportunity and are selling water to cities by buying it from places around the city. In Chennai, water is taken from nearby towns like Karungizhi Palur and Mamandur village to the north of the city, using a fleet of over 13,000 water tankers. Every month, the water dealers pay an advance to farmers for the rights to exploit water sources on their land. This way, the water that is taken away is not just creating a deficit for agricultural purposes but also increasing the shortage of drinking water supplies in the villages. As a result, the level of groundwater has dropped drastically in all these towns and villages.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Do you think water in Chennai is available to and affordable by all? Discuss.

Answer: Water is not equally available to all citizens in Chennai. Water in Chennai is supplied by the municipality, which fails to meet the demand 100%. Some areas get a regular water supply, while many areas get an erratic supply of water. People from the middle class and upper class buy packaged drinking water or water from tankers. The burden of water supply shortage falls mostly on the poor, as they cannot afford the expense of tankers or packaged water. Those who live close to the storage points get more water, while colonies further away receive less supply.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Why do you think there are so few cases of private water supply in the world?

Answer: Water is a basic necessity. Hence, universal access to safe drinking water is necessary for a standard quality of life. It needs to be provided to everyone – either free of charge or at affordable rates. But, as private companies work towards the singular goal of maximising profits, there was a steep rise in the price of water in cases where the responsibility for water supply was handed over to private companies. This made water unaffordable for many. Cities saw huge protests with riots breaking out at various places. This forced the governments to take back the service from private hands. Therefore, only a few cases of private water supply exist in the world.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Subsistence farming and intensive farming.

Answer: Subsistence farming is a type of farming that the farmer practices to meet the needs of his family. The cultivation of crops is done for personal consumption. It involves low levels of technology and household labour to produce a small output. In intensive subsistence agriculture, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. Rice, wheat, maize, pulses and oilseeds are the crops grown in this type of farming. Intensive subsistence agriculture is prevalent in the thickly populated areas of the monsoon regions

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Primary activities and tertiary activities

Answer: Primary activities are related to the production and extraction of natural resources, such as fishing, agriculture and mining, whereas tertiary activities are those that provide support to primary and secondary sectors in carrying out their activities like transportation, banking etc.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Different crops are grown in different regions.

Answer: Different crops are grown in different regions because growing the crops depends on factors such as favourable topography of soil, the demand for produce, type of climate, amount of rainfall, technology and labour.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

(i) In India, agriculture is a primary activity.

Answer: Agriculture is a primary activity because many regions in India have fertile land that is favourable for agriculture. Two-thirds of the Indian population still depend on agriculture. This is mainly because of the lack of literacy among the people. Hence, India, being a densely populated country, requires large-scale production of food to fulfil the needs of people.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Leading producers of coffee (a) Brazil (b) India (c) Russia

Answer: (a)Brazil

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

(ii) Golden fibre refers to (a) tea (b) cotton (c) jute

Answer: (c) Jute

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

(i) Horticulture means (a) growing of fruits and vegetables (b) primitive farming (c) growing of wheat

Answer: (a) Growing of fruits and vegetables

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Name the fibre crops and name the climatic conditions required for their growth.

Answer: Jute and Cotton are fibre crops. The climatic conditions necessary for the growth of jute are high temperature, heavy rainfall and high humidity. Similarly, for the growth of cotton, high temperature, light rainfall, and bright sunshine are required.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What is plantation agriculture?

Answer: Plantations are a type of commercial farming where single crops of tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana, cotton etc., are grown. Large amounts of labour and capital are required. The produce may be processed on the farm itself or in nearby factories. The development of a transport network is thus essential for such farming. Major plantations are found in the tropical regions of the world. Rubber in Malaysia, coffee in Brazil, and tea in India and Sri Lanka are some examples.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages?

Answer: Shifting cultivation is also known as slash-and-burn cultivation. It is a type of farming activity which involves clearing a land plot by cutting down trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with the soil, and crops are grown. After the land has lost its fertility, it is abandoned. The farmers then move to a new place. The disadvantages of shifting cultivation are as follows: Leads to deforestation Loss of fertility of a particular land Leads to soil erosion Burning of trees causes air pollution Insufficient cultivation of crops for a large population.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Name the factors influencing agriculture.

Answer: The factors that influence agriculture include soil, climate, topography, population etc.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

What is agriculture?

Answer: Agriculture is a primary activity that includes growing crops, vegetables, fruits, flowers and rearing livestock. Agriculture is a primary activity, as it is connected with the extraction and production of natural resources.

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Biotic resources are ………….. 1. Derived from living things 2. Made by human beings 3. Derived from non-living things

Answer:1 Derived from living things

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Which one of the following is a human-made resource? 1. Medicines to treat cancer 2. Spring water 3. Tropical forest

Medicine to treat cancer

Social StudiesClass 8CBSE

Which one of the following does NOT make the substance a resource? 1. Utility 2. Value 3. Quantity

Quantity

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