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HistoryClass 7All

Mention the classes described by Megasthenes?

Ans. Megasthenes, who visited India during the Maurya’s period, he divided Indian society into seven classes as- philosophers, peasants, herdsmen, craftsmen, traders, soldiers & government officials or councilors.

HistoryClass 7All

Describe society in Vedic period.

Ans. During the Vedic period, society was divided into four classes: Brahmins (learned & priestly class), Kshatriyas (ruling and warrior class), Vaishya (agricultural & trading class) and Shudras (servants, labourers, dasas etc).

HistoryClass 7All

Tell something about Pratiharas.

Ans. The Pratiharas dynasty is considered among the foremost Rajput dynasties. They are called Gurjara-Pratihara because they belonged to the Gujjara tribe of Rajasthan.

HistoryClass 7All

Who were Chandellas?

Ans. Chandellas Rajput was originally belonged to Gonds or Bhars who became Kshatriya after wielding political supremacy.

HistoryClass 7All

What was the claim of Pratiharas about themselves?

Ans. Pratiharas literally means ‘door keeper’. Pratiharas said their ancestor ‘Lakshamana’ served as a door keeper to his elder brother Rama.

HistoryClass 7All

Name of Gujarat derived from?

The geographical name of Gujarat is derived from Gujjara.

HistoryClass 7All

Who was Al-Jurz?

Ans. The Gurjara-Pratiharas was called Al-Jurz by the Arabs.

HistoryClass 7All

Describe briefly the origin of Rajput.

Ans. There are several theories given about origin of Rajputs. Some claimed there genealogy to Solar and Lunar families of Kshatriyas mentioned in the Mahabharata. Chandra Bardai in his ‘Prathviraj Raso’ mentioned that, the Chalukyas (Solankis), the Parmaras (Pawars), the Chahmanas (Chauhans) & the Pratiharas (Parihars) evolved from the yajna organized by Vasistha at Mount Abu. Some historians said, a number of classes from Scythians and Huns assimilated in Indian Society. Some chief clans of South India like Kalachuris, Chandellas & Gaharwaras were related with Gond, Rathore & Bundella respectively.

HistoryClass 7All

What do you understand by the term’ Rajput’?

Ans. The term ‘Rajput’ denotes a tribe or clan the kinsmen of which claimed them as Kshatriyas.

HistoryClass 7All

Give the list of chief Nomadic tribes which invaded India in and onwards Gupta period

Ans. The Huns invaded India in time of Gupta. After Gupta period a wave of chief nomadic tribes followed as the Arabs, the Turks, the Mongols and the Afghans invaded India.

HistoryClass 7All

When and from where Sakas and Kushanas came to India?

Ans. Sakas and Kushanas were tribes who came from central Asia and settled in India in the early centuries of Christian era.

HistoryClass 7All

What does ‘Nomad” means?

Ans. Nomad means a wandering group of people who live by hunting, herding and gathering. These groups always moved from one place to another and were efficient horse riders.

HistoryClass 7All

Which sub-division of Gujjara participated in tripartite struggle?

Ans. The Pratiharas were a sub-division of Gujjara’s who participated in the tripartite struggle.

HistoryClass 7All

Why pastoral nomadism declined in South India after Harsha reign?

Ans. It has been suggested that after the reign of Harsha, pastoral nomadism declined in South India due to consolidation of agrarian states. Means pastoral society changed into settled agrarian society.

HistoryClass 7All

Give the characteristic feature of India, in early ages?

Ans. The Indian subcontinent is an area of great ecological and ethnic diversity. Its characteristic features were various kinds of political features:- . The centralized bureaucratic state. . The kin-based tribe headed by autocratic chief. . The tribal confederacy. . The extended empire.

HistoryClass 7All

Why did the rulers construct places of worship?

Rulers also constructed places of worship such as temples, mosques, and shrines for several reasons. Firstly, these structures reflected their religious devotion and faith. Secondly, building religious monuments helped rulers gain legitimacy and support from their subjects, as they were seen as protectors of religion. Thirdly, such constructions promoted cultural unity and social gathering, as people came together for prayers and festivals. Lastly, these structures showcased the ruler’s wealth, power, and artistic achievements.

HistoryClass 7All

Why were the gardens constructed by Babur called chahar bagh?

One of the unique features of Mughal architecture was the construction of gardens by Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire. These gardens were called “chahar bagh”, which means “four gardens.” They were designed in a quadrilateral layout divided into four equal parts by water channels or walkways. This design was inspired by Persian ideas of paradise, where gardens symbolized heaven with flowing water and greenery, providing a peaceful and aesthetic environment.

HistoryClass 7All

What were the important aspects of Mughal architecture?

Moving forward in time, the Mughal Empire introduced a distinctive style of architecture that blended Persian, Central Asian, and Indian elements. Important aspects of Mughal architecture included: Use of red sandstone and white marble Construction of large domes and arches Symmetrical planning and layout Beautiful gardens, fountains, and water channels Intricate decorations like pietra dura (stone inlay work) and calligraphy Mughal buildings such as forts, palaces, and tombs were not only functional but also highly decorative and symbolized imperial power and grandeur.

HistoryClass 7All

Which sultan was a contemporary of Rajendra I?

During the same period in South India, powerful rulers like Rajendra Chola I expanded their kingdoms and contributed to temple architecture. A contemporary ruler in North India during Rajendra I’s time was Mahmud of Ghazni, who led several invasions into India. Although he was not a ruler within India, he played an important role in shaping the political and cultural interactions of that era.

HistoryClass 7All

Who built hauz-i Sultani or the “King’s Reservoir”?

One notable construction during this period was the Hauz-i-Sultani or the “King’s Reservoir”, which was built by Sultan Iltutmish in Delhi. It was a large water tank constructed to supply water to the growing population of the city. Such water reservoirs were essential for urban life, especially in areas with limited water sources, and they demonstrated the rulers’ concern for public welfare.

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