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In which type of respiration, aerobic or anaerobic, more energy is released?

In aerobic respiration, more energy is released because there is a complete breakdown of food. In this process glucose breaks down in the presence of a sufficient amount of oxygen and hence more energy is released.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Name the substance whose build up in the muscles during vigorous physical exercise may cause cramps.

Lactic acid, which is formed in muscles during vigorous physical exercise, may cause cramps. When a person runs fast, lactic acid builds up in the muscles, causing painful cramps. The extra oxygen taken while breathing reacts with the lactic acid in the muscles, breaking it down to make carbon dioxide and water. As the lactic acid breaks down the cramps will begin to disappear.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Name one organism which can live without oxygen.

Yeast can live without oxygen. An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Name one substance that is produced in anaerobic respiration by an organism but not in aerobic respiration.

Ethanol is produced as the result of the breakdown of pyruvate during anaerobic respiration, not in aerobic respiration. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration in which alcohol is formed by the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen. It usually done by the yeast. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into ethanol with the liberation of carbon dioxide.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

X is a wild animal which eats only the flesh of other animals whereas Y is a domestic animal that feeds mainly on green grass. (a) What are animals like X known as? (b) What are animals Y known as? (c) Which animal, X or Y, has a longer small intestine? Why? (d) Name one animal which is like X. (e) Name one animal which is like Y.

Animals like X are known as Animals like Y are known as Animals like X have longer small intestine as they eat grass and they need long intestine to digest the cellulose present in the grass. Carnivore example: Herbivore example:

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Do all cells use oxygen to produce energy?

Answer No, all cells do not use oxygen to produce energy. Cells can also produce energy by anaerobic respiration. It is a process which takes place in the absence of oxygen gas. In this process, the energy is obtained by the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

An organism A which cannot move from one place to another, makes a simple food B from the substances C and D available in the environment. This food is made in the presence of a green-colored substance E present in organs F in the presence of light energy in a process called G. Some of the simple food B also gets converted into a complex food H for storage purposes. Food H gives a blue-black color with a dilute iodine solution. (a) What is (i) organism A (ii) food B, and (iii) food H? (b) What are C and D? (c) Name (i) green colored substance E, and (ii) organ F. (d) What is the process G?

(i) A is a green plant, (ii) B is glucose (iii) H is C is carbon dioxide and D is (i) The green-colored substance E is chlorophyll and (ii) F is a The process G is

BiologyClass 10ICSE

The organisms A, B and C can obtain their food in three different ways. Organism A derives its food from the body of another living organism which is called its D, without killing it. The organism B takes in the solid food by the process of ingestion, digests a part of this food and throws out undigested food in the process called E. The organism C obtains its food from dead and decaying plants. (a) What is the mode of nutrition of (i) organism A (ii) organism B, and (iii) organism C? (b) What is the organism like D called? (c) Name the process E. (d) Give one example each of organisms like (i) A (ii) B, and (iii) C. (e) What is the general name of three modes of nutrition exhibited by organisms A, B and C?

(i) A - parasitic mode of nutrition, (ii) B - holozoic mode of nutrition (iii) C - saprophytic mode of The organisms like D are called The process E is The example of organisms like (i) A-Tapeworm, (ii) B – Amoeba (iii) C- Fungi The general name of the three modes of nutrition exhibited by organisms A, B and C are parasitic nutrition, holozoic nutrition and saprophytic nutrition, respectively.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

There are four organisms A, B, C and D. The organism A eats only the flesh of other animals as food. The organism B can eat grains, fruits, and vegetables as well as meat and fish. The organism C can make the food itself from simple inorganic substances present in the environment by utilizing sunlight energy. On the other hand, organism D eats only plants and their products as food. (a) Which organism is (i) omnivore (ii) herbivore, and (ii) carnivore? (b) Which organism is an autotroph? (c) Which organism is/are heterotroph(s)? (d) Which organism can be a producer? (e) Which organism is/are consumer (s)? (f) Give one example each of the organisms which could be like (i) A (ii) B (iii) C, and (iv) D

Answer (i) Organism B refers to an omnivore, (ii) organism D refers to a herbivore and (iii) organism A refers to a carnivore. Organism C is an The organisms A, B, and D are heterotrophs as they obtain food from other organisms and cannot synthesize their own food. Organism C can be a producer as it is an The organisms A, B and D are consumers as they all are The examples of organisms A, B, C and D are lion, crow, green plants (like mango) and cow,

BiologyClass 10ICSE

The partially digested food coming from the stomach of a person enters a long and narrow organ A in his body. The organ A receives the secretion of two glands: liver and pancreas. The liver secretes a greenish-yellow liquid B which is normally stored in the organ C. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains three digestive enzymes D, E and F. The intestinal juice completes the process of digestion of food. The inner wall of organ A has millions of tiny finger-like projections G which help in the rapid absorption of digested food into the bloodstream. The undigested part of food then passes into wider tube H which absorbs most of the water from undigested food. The last part of tube H called I stores this undigested food (or waste) for some time. The undigested food is then passed out through opening J as feces in the process known as K. (a) Name the organ A. (b) Name (i) liquid B, and (ii) organ C. (c) What are the digestive enzymes D, E and F? (d) Name the projections G present on the inner wall of organ A. (e) Name (i) tube H (ii) part I (iii) opening J, and (iv) process K.

The organ A is small (i) Liquid B is bile and (ii) organ C is gall The digestive enzymes D, E, and F are amylase, trypsin, and lipase, The projections G are villi that are present on the inner wall of organ (i) Tube H is the large intestine, (ii) part I is the rectum, (iii) opening J is the anus and (iv) the process K is egestion or defecation.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

When a person puts food in his mouth, then teeth cut it into small pieces, chew and grind it. The glands A in the mouth secrete a substance B which is mixed with the food by the tongue. Substance B contains an enzyme C which starts the digestion of food in the mouth. The slightly digested food from the mouth goes down a tube D. The special type of movements E in the walls of tube D pushes the food into the stomach for further digestion. The stomach wall secretes gastric juice containing three substance F, G and H. One of the functions of F is to kill bacteria which may enter the stomach with food. The substance G protects the inside layer of the stomach from the damaging effect of substance F whereas substance H is an enzyme for digestion. The partially digested food then enters into the small intestine for further digestion. (a) What is (i) gland A (ii) substance B, and (iii) enzyme C? (b) Name the tube D. (c) What is the movement E known as? (d) What are (i) F (ii) G, and (iii) H?

(i) Gland A is a salivary Substance B is Enzyme C is salivary Tube D is The movement E is known as peristaltic (i) F is hydrochloric acid, (ii) G is mucus and (iii) H is pepsin

BiologyClass 10ICSE

If the teeth are not cleaned regularly, they become covered with a sticky yellowish layer W of food particles and bacteria. Since layer W covers the teeth, the alkaline liquid X secreted by glands Y inside the mouth cannot reach the teeth surface to neutralize the acid formed by the action of organisms Z on sugary food, and hence tooth decay sets in. (a) What is W known as? (b) What is (i) X, and (ii) Y? (c) What are organisms Z? (d) State one way of removing layer W from the teeth.

W is the dental (i) X refers to the saliva, while (ii) Y refers to the salivary Organisms Z are Layer of W, dental plaque, can be removed by regular brushing of

BiologyClass 10ICSE

When a person eats sugary food, then organisms A present in his mouth act on sugar to produce a substance B. The substance B first dissolves the calcium salts from the top part C of the tooth and then from its middle part D forming holes E. These holes ultimately act on the part F in the lower part of the tooth which contains nerves and blood cells. Substance B irritates the nerve endings inside the tooth causing toothache. (a) What are (i) organisms A, and (ii) substance B? (b) What are (i) part C (ii) part D, of the tooth known as? (c) By what name are the holes E in the tooth known as? (d) Name the part F of the tooth? (e) What will happen if organisms A reach F part of tooth?

Answer (i) Bacteria (ii) Acid (i) Enamel (ii) Dentine Dental caries Pulp cavity Infection and inflammation will occur which will lead to severe

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts as they occur in the human alimentary canal? (a) Mouth Stomach Small intestine Esophagus Large intestine (b) Mouth Esophagus Stomach Large intestine Small intestine (c) Mouth Stomach Esophagus Small intestine Large intestine (d) Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine

(d) Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine The food is entered through the mouth and then it reaches the stomach through food pipe where the food is digested. Then it moves to the small intestine where most of the nutrients are absorbed and reaches the large intestine. The large intestine absorbs all the water contents and the undigested food is moved to the rectum.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

In which of the following groups of organisms food material is broken down outside the body and then absorbed. (a) Mushroom, Green plants, Amoeba (b) Yeast, Mushroom, Bread mold (c) Paramecium, Amoeba, Cuscuta (d) Cuscuta, Lice, Tapeworm

(b) Yeast, Mushroom, Bread mold These organisms have a saprophytic mode of nutrition. They break down complex organic substances by secreting digestive enzymes outside their body and absorb simple molecules as nutrients.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Which of the following is the correct statement? (a) Heterotrophs synthesis their own food (b) Heterotrophs utilize solar energy for solar energy (c) Heterotrophs do not synthesis their own food (d) Heterotrophs are capable of converting carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates

(c) Heterotrophs do not synthesis their own food Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot prepare their own food and depend on other organisms for their nutrition.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

The first enzyme to mix with the food in the digestive tract is (a) Pepsin (b) Cellulose (c) Amylase (d) Trypsin

(c) Amylase Salivary amylase, present in saliva, is the first digestive enzyme that gets mixed with food in the mouth. The salivary amylase hydrolyzes starch into maltose.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Most of the plants absorb nitrogen in one of the following forms. This is (a) Proteins (b) Nitrites and nitrates (c) urea (d) Atmospheric nitrogen

Answer (b) Nitrites and nitrates Nitrate is the form of nitrogen most used by plants for growth and development. Some bacteria in the soil can turn ammonia into nitrites.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

The opening and closing of stomatal pores depends on (a) Oxygen (b) Water in guard cells (c) Temperature (d) Concentration of CO2 in guard cells

) Water The guard cells swell when water flows into them, causing the stomatal pores to open. Similarly the pore closes if the guard cells shrink or lose water in them.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Which of the following events does not occur in photosynthesis? (a) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy (b) Reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates (c) Oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide (d) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll

(c) Oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is reduced and fixed in the form of carbohydrates. While oxygen is released from the water molecules

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